Pleiocarpa pycnantha leaves and its triterpenes induce apoptotic cell death in Caco-2 cells in vitro

BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine

Emmanuel Iwuoha¹  Ivan Green¹  Mervin Meyer²  Ahmed Hussein¹  Olubunmi Adenike Omoyeni¹ 

[1] Department of Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa;Department of Biotechnology, Apoptosis Research Unit, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa

关键词: 27- p-E-coumaroloxy ursolic acid;    27- p-Z-coumaroloxy ursolic acid;    Caspases;    Pleiocarpa pycnantha;    Triterpenes;    colon cancer;    Apoptosis;   

Others  :  1220039
DOI  :  10.1186/s12906-015-0767-4

 received in 2014-12-22, accepted in 2015-07-06,  发布年份 2015

【 摘 要 】

Background

Recently, we reported that the crude fractions and pure triterpenes; ursolic acid (C1), 27-E and 27-Z p-coumaric esters of ursolic acid (C2, C3), together with a new triterpene 2,3-seco-taraxer-14-en-2,3-lactone [pycanocarpine (C4)] and its hydrolysed derivative - (2,3-seco-taraxen-4-hydroxy-14-en-2-oic acid) [pycanocarpene (C5)] from Pleiocarpa pycnantha leaves inhibit cell proliferation. However, there has not been any specific report on the use of Pleiocarpa pycnantha leaves and its constituents to kill colorectal adenocarcinoma cancer CaCo-2 cells.

We performed in vitro study to evaluate the cytotoxic properties of the ethanolic extract of P. pycnanthaP, compounds C2 and C3. A preliminary study of the potential mechanisms were also undertaken.

Methods

Cell viability was measured by WST-1 assay. The Apoptosis level was evaluated by staining with APOPercentage™ dye and the induction of caspases 3/7 and 9 using Caspase-Glo® assays.

Results

The exposure of an ethanolic extract from the leaves of P. pycnantha (0.1–1000 μg/ml) and the isolated compounds C2 and C3 (6,25–100 μg/ml) to human colorectal cancer cells reduced the cell viability with an IC ₅₀  > 100, 40.9, 36.3 μg/ml for P, C2 and C3 respectively, after 24 h of incubation. The APOPercentage ^TMassay also showed a considerable increase in the percentage of apoptotic cells after 24 h; (25–38 % for P, 5–23 % for C2 and 6–47 % for C3). Caspase 3 was also activated which is a hallmark of apoptosis.

Conclusion

These findings suggest that the P. pycnantha and the isolated compounds induce cell apoptosis in human colorectal adenocarcinoma cells. A further study with other cell lines is also recommended.

【 授权许可】

   
2015 Omoyeni et al.

【 图 表 】

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