Single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with non-contact soft tissue injuries in elite professional soccer players: influence on degree of injury and recovery time

BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders

Nicola Maffulli⁵  Gil Rodas¹  Carme Muñoz³  Francesc Cos⁶  Bruno Montoro²  Jordi Ribas⁴  Rosa Artells³  Ricard Pruna¹ 

[1] FC Barcelona Medical Services, Barcelona, Spain;Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology-School of Pharmacy-UB, Barcelona, Spain;Human Anatomy and Embryology Unit-School of Medicine-UB, Barcelona, Spain;School of Sports Medicine-School of Medicine-UB, Barcelona, Spain;Centre for Sports and Exercise Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK;FC Barcelona Department of Physics Preparation, Barcelona, Spain

关键词: COL5A1;    CCL2;    ELN;    IGF2;    Musculoskeletal soft tissue;    Single nucleotide polymorphisms;   

Others  :  1130184
DOI  :  10.1186/1471-2474-14-221

 received in 2013-06-12, accepted in 2013-07-03,  发布年份 2013

【 摘 要 】

Background

The biological mechanisms involved in non-contact musculoskeletal soft tissue injuries (NCMSTI) are poorly understood. Genetic risk factors may be associated with susceptibility to injuries, and may exert marked influence on recovery times.

Methods

Data on type and degree of injury and recovery time were collected in 73 male professional soccer players (43 White, 11 Black Africans and 19 Hispanics) who suffered total of 242 injuries (203 muscle, 24 ligament, and 15 tendon injuries). One single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) in the following genes were analyzed: Elastin (ELN); Titin (TTN); SRY-related HMG-box (SOX15); Insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2); Chemokine, CC motif, ligand 2 (CCL2); Collagen type 1 alpha 1(COL1A1); Collagen type 5 alpha 1 (COL5A1), and Tenascin C (TNC).

Results

There was evidence of a statistically significant association between the degree of injury and the IGF2 genotype (P = 0.034). In addition, there was evidence of a statistically significant association between the degree of muscle injury and CCL2 (P = 0.026) Finally, there was evidence of a statistically significant association between ELN and degree of injury (p = 0.009) and recovery time (P = 0.043). There was no evidence of a statistically significant association between any of the genes studied and degree of injury or recovery time for tendon injuries.

Conclusion

SNPs in the IGF2, CCL2, and ELN genes may be associated to the degree and recovery time of NCMSTI.

【 授权许可】

   
2013 Pruna et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

【 图 表 】

Figure 1.

Figure 2.

【 参考文献 】

• [1]Meeuwisse WH: Assessing causation in sport injury: a multifactorial model. Clin J Sport Med 1994, 4:166-170.
• [2]Collins M: Genetic risk factors for soft-tissue injuries 101: a practical summary to help clinicians understand the role of genetics and ‘personalised medicine’. Br J Sports Med 2010, 44:915-917.
• [3]Riley G: The pathogenesis of tendinopathy. A molecular perspective. Rheumatology 2004, 43:131-142.
• [4]Maffulli N, Wong J, Almekinders LC: Types and epidemiology of tendinopathy. Clin Sports Med 2003, 22:675-692.
• [5]Ekstrand J, Hägglund M, Waldén M: Epidemiology of muscle injuries in professional football (soccer). Am J Sports Med 2011, 39:1226-1232.
• [6]Ekstrand J, Hägglund M, Waldén M: Injury incidence and injury patterns in professional football: the UEFA injury study. Br J Sports Med 2011, 45:553-558.
• [7]Ekstrand J, Healy JC, Waldén M, Lee JC, English B, et al.: Hamstring muscle injuries in professional football: the correlation of MRI findings with return to play. Br J Sports Med 2012, 46:112-117.
• [8]Ekstrand J, Timpka T, Hägglund M: Risk of injury in elite football played on artificial turf versus natural grass: a prospective two-cohort study. Br J Sports Med 2006, 40:975-980.
• [9]Hess GW: Ankle impingement syndromes: a review of etiology and related implications. Foot Ankle Spec 2011, 4:290-297.
• [10]Magra M, Maffulli N: Genetic aspects of tendinopathy. J Sci Med Sport 2008, 11:243-247.
• [11]Longo U, Fazio V, Poeta M, Rabitti C, Franceschi F, et al.: Bilateral consecutive rupture of the quadriceps tendon in a man with BstUI polymorphism of the COL5A1 gene. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2010, 18:514-518.
• [12]Laguette M-J, Abrahams Y, Prince S, Collins M: Sequence variants within the 3′-UTR of the COL5A1 gene alters mRNA stability: implications for musculoskeletal soft tissue injuries. Matrix Biol 2011, 30:338-345.
• [13]Lippi G, Longo UG, Maffulli N: Genetics and sports. Br Med Bull 2010, 93:27-47.
• [14]Cupeiro R, Benito PJ, Maffulli N, Calderón FJ, González-Lamuño D: MCT1 genetic polymorphism influence in high intensity circuit training: a pilot study. J Sci Med Sport 2010, 13:526-530.
• [15]Harmon BT, Orkunoglu-Suer EF, Adham K, Larkin JS, Gordish-Dressman H, et al.: CCL2 and CCR2 variants are associated with skeletal muscle strength and change in strength with resistance training. J Appl Physiol 2010, 109(6):1779-1785.
• [16]Magra M, Maffulli N: Genetics: does it play a role in tendinopathy? Clin J Sport Med 2007, 17:231-233.
• [17]Mokone GG, Gajjar M, September AV, Schwellnus MP, Greenberg J, et al.: The guanine-thymine dinucleotide repeat polymorphism within the tenascin-C gene is associated with achilles tendon injuries. Am J Sports Med 2005, 33:1016-1021.
• [18]September AV, Schwellnus MP, Collins M: Tendon and ligament injuries: the genetic component. Br J Sports Med 2007, 41:241-246.
• [19]Posthumus M, September AV, O’Cuinneagain D, van der Merwe W, Schwellnus MP, et al.: The COL5A1 gene is associated with increased risk of anterior cruciate ligament ruptures in female participants. Am J Sports Med 2009, 37:2234-2240.
• [20]Yamin C, Duarte J, Oliveira J, Amir O, Sagiv M, et al.: IL6 (−174) and TNFA (−308) promoter polymorphisms are associated with systemic creatine kinase response to eccentric exercise. Eur J Appl Physiol 2008, 104:579-586.
• [21]Paulin D, Huet A, Khanamyrian L, Xue Z: Desminopathies in muscle disease. J Pathol 2004, 204:418-427.
• [22]Rosenbloom J: Elastin: relation of protein and gene structure to disease. Lab Invest 1984, 51:605.
• [23]Sherratt M: Tissue elasticity and the ageing elastic fibre. Age 2009, 31:305-325.
• [24]Itoh-Satoh M, Hayashi T, Nishi H, Koga Y, Arimura T, et al.: Titin mutations as the molecular basis for dilated cardiomyopathy. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2002, 291:385-393.
• [25]Lee HJ, Goring W, Ochs M, Muhlfeld C, Steding G, et al.: Sox15 is required for skeletal muscle regeneration. Mol Cell Biol 2004, 24:8428.
• [26]Devaney JM, Hoffman EP, Gordish-Dressman H, Kearns A, Zambraski E, et al.: IGF-II gene region polymorphisms related to exertional muscle damage. J Appl Physiol 2007, 102:1815-1823.
• [27]Hubal MJ, Devaney JM, Hoffman EP, Zambraski EJ, Gordish-Dressman H, et al.: CCL2 and CCR2 polymorphisms are associated with markers of exercise-induced skeletal muscle damage. J Appl Physiol 2010, 108:1651-1658.
• [28]Collins M, Raleigh SM: Genetic risk factors for musculoskeletal soft tissue injuries. Med Sport Sci 2009, 54:49.
• [29]Kambouris M, Ntalouka F, Ziogas G, Maffulli N: Predictive genomics DNA profiling for athletic performance. Recent Pat DNA Gene Seq 2012, 6:229-239.
• [30]Hägglund M, Waldén M, Bahr R, Ekstrand J: Methods for epidemiological study of injuries to professional football players: developing the UEFA model. Br J Sports Med 2005, 39:340-346.
• [31]Chan O, Del Buono A, Best TM, Maffulli N: Acute muscle strain injuries: a proposed new classification system. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2012, 20(11):2356-2362.
• [32]Pruna R, Medina D, Rodas G, Artells R: Patellar tendinopathy. Therapeutic model in the sport. Med Clin (Barc) 2013.
• [33]Gil Rodas RP, Lluis T, Carles M: Guia de práctica Clinica de las lesiones musculares. Epidemiologia, diagnóstico, tratamiento y prevención. APUNTS MEDICINA DE L'ESPORT 2009, 44:179-203.
• [34]Schwellnus MP: Genetics and soft-tissue injuries in sport: clinical commentary. Curr Sports Med Rep 2011, 10:126-127. 110.1249/JSR.1240b1013e31821ac31820eb
• [35]Fuller CW, Hawkins RD: Assessment of football grounds for player safety. Safety Science 1997, 27:115-128.
• [36]Fuller CW, Junge A, Dvorak J: Risk management: FIFA's approach for protecting the health of football players. Br J Sports Med 2012, 46:11-17.
• [37]Sport U Staging major sports events: The guide. London: UK Sport; 2005.
• [38]Maughan R, Shirreffs S, Ozgünen K, Kurdak S, Ersöz G, et al.: Living, training and playing in the heat: challenges to the football player and strategies for coping with environmental extremes. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2010, 20:117-124.
• [39]Levine B, Stray-Gundersen J, Mehta R: Effect of altitude on football performance. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2008, 18:76-84.
• [40]Hawkins RD, Fuller CW: A prospective epidemiological study of injuries in four English professional football clubs. Br J Sports Med 1999, 33:196-203.
• [41]Peterson L, Junge A, Chomiak J, Graf-Baumann T, Dvorak J: Incidence of football injuries and complaints in different age groups and skill-level groups. Am J Sports Med 2000, 28:S-51-S-57.
• [42]Schmidt-Olsen S, Jørgensen U, Kaalund S, Sørensen J: Injuries among young soccer players. Am J Sports Med 1991, 19:273-275.
• [43]Fuller CW, Dick RW, Corlette J, Schmalz R: Comparison of the incidence, nature and cause of injuries sustained on grass and new generation artificial turf by male and female football players. Part 1: match injuries. Br J Sports Med 2007, 41:i20-i26.
• [44]Fuller CW, Dick RW, Corlette J, Schmalz R: Comparison of the incidence, nature and cause of injuries sustained on grass and new generation artificial turf by male and female football players. Part 2: training injuries. Br J Sports Med 2007, 41:i27-i32.
• [45]Dvorak J, Junge A, Chomiak J, Graf-Baumann T, Peterson L, et al.: Risk factor analysis for injuries in football players. Am J Sports Med 2000, 28:S-69-S-74.
• [46]Falvo MJ, Bloomer RJ: Review of exercise-induced muscle injury: relevance for athletic populations. Res Sports Med 2006, 14:65-82.
• [47]Ahmad I, Narang R, Venkatraman A, Das N: Frequency distribution of the single-nucleotide -108C/T polymorphism at the promoter region of the PON1 gene in Asian Indians and its relationship with coronary artery disease. J Community Genet 2011, 2:27-32.
• [48]Zeng W, Liu L, Tong Y, Liu H, Dai L, et al.: A66G and C524T polymorphisms of the methionine synthase reductase gene are associated with congenital heart defects in the Chinese Han population. Genet Mol Res 2011, 10:2597-2605.
• [49]Ekstrand J, Gillquist J: Soccer injuries and their mechanisms: a prospective study. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1983, 15:267-270.
• [50]Adams GR: Invited review: autocrine/paracrine IGF-I and skeletal muscle adaptation. J Appl Physiol 2002, 93:1159-1167.
• [51]Goldspink G, Williams P, Simpson H: Gene expression in response to muscle stretch. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2002, 403:S146.
• [52]Keller HL, St Pierre Schneider B, Eppihimer LA, Cannon JG: Association of IGF-I and IGF-II with myofiber regeneration in vivo. Muscle Nerve 1999, 22:347-354.
• [53]Yahiaoui L, Gvozdic D, Danialou G, Mack M, Petrof BJ: CC family chemokines directly regulate myoblast responses to skeletal muscle injury. J Physiol 2008, 586:3991-4004.
• [54]Kadler KE, Baldock C, Bella J, Boot-Handford RP: Collagens at a glance. J Cell Sci 2007, 120:1955-1958.
• [55]Collins M: Posthumus M Type V Collagen Genotype and Exercise-Related Phenotype Relationships: A Novel Hypothesis. Exerc Sport Sci Rev 2011, 39:191.
• [56]Brown JC, Miller CJ, Posthumus M, Schwellnus MP, Collins M: The COL5A1 gene, ultra-marathon running performance, and range of motion. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 2011, 6(4):485-496.
• [57]Muiznieks LDMLD, Weiss ASWAS, Keeley FWKFW: Structural disorder and dynamics of elastin. Biochem Cell Biol 2010, 88:239-250. This paper is one of a selection of papers published in this special issue entitled “Canadian Society of Biochemistry, Molecular & Cellular Biology. 52nd Annual Meeting-Protein Folding: Principles and Diseases” and has undergone the Journal's usual peer review process
• [58]Hanon O, Luong V, Mourad JJ, Bortolotto LA, Jeunemaitre X, et al.: Aging, carotid artery distensibility, and the Ser422Gly elastin gene polymorphism in humans. Hypertension 2001, 38:1185-1189.