The importance of reliable information exchange in emergency practices: a misunderstanding that was uncovered before it was too late

BMC Medical Ethics

Halvor Nordby¹ 

[1] The University College of Lillehammer, Lillehammer, 2604, Norway

关键词: Virtue ethics;    Rule-based ethics;    Clinical judgment;    Advance directives;    Resuscitation;    Prehospital work;    Cardiac arrest;   

Others  :  1221117
DOI  :  10.1186/s12910-015-0038-4

 received in 2014-06-16, accepted in 2015-06-16,  发布年份 2015

【 摘 要 】

Background

Many medical emergency practices are regulated by written procedures that normally provide reliable guidelines for action. In some cases, however, the consequences of following rule-based instructions can have unintended negative consequences. The article discusses a case - described on a type level - where the consequences of following a rule formulation could have been fatal.

Case presentation

A weak and elderly patient has cardiac arrest, and a Do Not Resuscitate (DNR) clause is written in the patient’s medical record. Paramedics at the scene cannot see that the patient’s general appearance match conditions which would indicate the DNR clause, so they start cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), and the patient survives. This turns out to be a crucial decision. The DNR clause is from an earlier bout with serious disease from which the patient has recovered, against all odds, and someone has forgotten to remove the clause from the medical record.

Analysis

In order to be able to interpret the validity of written guidelines, paramedics and other health workers need to develop personal skills that transcend the ability simply to follow written instructions. Within traditional virtue ethics, personal judgment is conceived of as crucial for being able to make ‘good’ autonomous decisions. Virtue ethical analyses, decision-making abilities and non-technical communication skills are important as conceptual tools when health workers need to make difficult clinical decisions.

Conclusion

The case study accentuates the significance of prudent judgment in medical practice. In the case described, the consequence of trusting the written advance directive could have been fatal, but the point is general: for the purpose of achieving excellent organizational performance, it is insufficient for health workers to rely uncritically on rules and procedures. Even the clearest rule formulations must be interpreted contextually in order to determine ethically correct behavior and avoid potential negative consequences that are not in the patient’s best interests.

【 授权许可】

   
2015 Nordby.

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