Changes and tracking of fruit, vegetables and sugar-sweetened beverages intake from 18 months to 7 years in the Norwegian mother and child cohort study

BMC Public Health

Lene Frost Andersen³  Wenche Nystad²  Helle Margrete Meltzer¹  Margaretha Haugen¹  Anne Lise Brantsæter¹  Mona Bjelland³ 

[1] Division of Environmental Medicine, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway;Division of Epidemiology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway;Department of Nutrition, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1046 Blindern, NO-0316 Oslo, Norway

关键词: MoBa;    Diet;    Tracking;    Children;   

Others  :  1161865
DOI  :  10.1186/1471-2458-13-793

 received in 2013-03-15, accepted in 2013-08-28,  发布年份 2013

【 摘 要 】

Background

A few studies have investigated tracking of dietary patterns or nutrient intake in pre-school children, but no studies have been identified examining tracking of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB), fruit and vegetable intakes in early childhood (1–7 year olds). The purpose of this study was to investigate changes and tracking of intakes of fruit, vegetables and SSB, and association between maternal education and dietary tracking, from 18 months to 7 years of age.

Methods

Longitudinal data from the nation-wide Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study, conducted by the Norwegian Institute of Public Health were used, including 9 025 children participating at three time points (18 months, 36 months and 7 years). Frequencies of fruit, vegetables and SSB were assessed by questionnaire. Slightly different questions were used at each time point to collect information about intake. Maternal education was categorized into ≤ 12 years, 13–16 years, ≥ 17 years. Cross-tabulation, Spearman’s rho and multinomial logistic regression were used for assessing change, tracking and differences by maternal education.

Results

Analyses by gender indicated largest changes for intake of fruit and SSB from age 18 months to 7 years. Fair to moderate tracking coefficients (Spearman’s rho = 0.23-0.46) for intake of fruit, vegetables and SSB were found and children assigned to low, medium and high frequency of consumption at 18 months continued to be in the same group at age 36 months and 7 years. Children of mothers with low education consumed fruit and vegetables less often and SSB more often compared to children of mothers with high education at 18 months of age. Children with higher educated mothers had lower odds for increasing fruit intake or decreasing SSB intake, compared to children with lower educated mothers showing a stable intake.

Conclusions

The tracking coefficients for intakes were fair to moderate and differences in intakes according to maternal education were found already at age 18 months. This suggests that promotion of healthy dietary behaviours at an early age is important to prevent unfavourable dietary behaviours later in childhood. Moreover, it seems important to target mothers in nutrition interventions for improving dietary habits among children.

【 授权许可】

   
2013 Bjelland et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

【 图 表 】

Figure 1.

【 参考文献 】

• [1]Rolls BJ, Ello-Martin JA, Tohill BC: What can intervention studies tell us about the relationship between fruit and vegetable consumption and weight management? Nutr Rev 2004, 62:1-17.
• [2]Andersen LF, Overby N, Lillegaard IT: Intake of fruit and vegetables among Norwegian children and adolescents [in Norwegian]. Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen 2004, 124:1396-1398.
• [3]Newby PK: Plant foods and plant-based diets: protective against childhood obesity? Am J Clin Nutr 2009, 89(suppl 1):1572-1587.
• [4]Harrington S: The role of sugar-sweetened beverage consumption in adolescent obesity: a review of the literature. J Sch Nurs 2008, 24:3-12.
• [5]Wolff E, Dansinger ML: Soft drinks and weight gain: how strong is the link? Medscape J Med 2008, 10:189.
• [6]Gibson S: Sugar-sweetened soft drinks and obesity: a systematic review of the evidence from observational studies and interventions. Nutr Res Rev 2008, 21:134-147.
• [7]Libuda L, Kersting M: Soft drinks and body weight development in childhood: is there a relationship? Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2009, 12:596-600.
• [8]Clabaugh K, Neuberger GB: Research evidence for reducing sugar sweetened beverages in children. Issues Compr Pediatr Nurs 2011, 34:119-130.
• [9]Blomhoff R, Lande B, Ose T: Recommendations for increased intake of fruit and vegetables [in Norwegian]. Oslo: National Nutrition Council; 1996.
• [10]Overby NC, Lillegaard IT, Johansson L, Andersen LF: High intake of added sugar among Norwegian children and adolescents. Public Health Nutr 2004, 7:285-293.
• [11]Bere E, Klepp K-I: Correlates of fruit and vegetable intake among Norwegian schoolchildren: parental and self-reports. Public Health Nutr 2004, 7:991-998.
• [12]Yngve A, Wolf A, Poortvliet E, Elmadfa I, Brug J, Ehrenblad B, Franchini B, Haraldsdóttir J, Krølner R, Maes L, Pérez-Rodrigo C, Sjostrom M, Thórsdóttir I, Klepp K-I: Fruit and vegetable intake in a sample of 11-year-old children in 9 European countries: the pro children cross-sectional survey. Ann Nutr Metab 2005, 49:236-245.
• [13]Bere E, Glomnes ES, Te Velde SJ, Klepp K-I: Determinants of adolescents' soft drink consumption. Public Health Nutr 2008, 11:49-56.
• [14]Bjelland M, Lien N, Grydeland M, Bergh IH, Anderssen SA, Ommundsen Y, Klepp K-I, Andersen LF: Intakes and perceived home availability of sugar-sweetened beverages, fruit and vegetables as reported by mothers, fathers and adolescents in the HEIA (HEalth in adolescents) study. Public Health Nutr 2011, 14:2156-2165.
• [15]Hilsen M, van Stralen MM, Klepp K-I, Bere E: Changes in 10–12 year old's fruit and vegetable intake in Norway from 2001 to 2008 in relation to gender and socioeconomic status - a comparison of two cross-sectional groups. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2011, 8:108. BioMed Central Full Text
• [16]Stea TH, Overby NC, Klepp K-I, Bere E: Changes in beverage consumption in Norwegian children from 2001 to 2008. Public Health Nutr 2012, 15:379-385.
• [17]Campbell K, Crawford D, Jackson M, Cashel K, Worsley A, Gibbons K, Birch LL: Family food environments of 5-6-year-old-children: does socioeconomic status make a difference? Asia Pac J Clin Nutr 2002, 11(Suppl 3):553-561.
• [18]Oakley A, Rajan L: What did your baby eat yesterday? social factors and infant feeding practices. Eur J Public Health 1993, 3:18-27.
• [19]North K, Emmett P: Multivariate analysis of diet among three-year-old children and associations with socio-demographic characteristics. The avon longitudinal study of pregnancy and childhood (ALSPAC) study team. Eur J Clin Nutr 2000, 54:73-80.
• [20]Aranceta J, Perez-Rodrigo C, Ribas L, Serra-Majem L: Sociodemographic and lifestyle determinants of food patterns in Spanish children and adolescents: the enKid study. Eur J Clin Nutr 2003, 57(Suppl 1):40-44.
• [21]Northstone K, Emmett P: Multivariate analysis of diet in children at four and seven years of age and associations with socio-demographic characteristics. Eur J Clin Nutr 2005, 59:751-760.
• [22]Robinson S, Marriott L, Poole J, Crozier S, Borland S, Lawrence W, Law C, Godfrey K, Cooper C, Inskip H, Southampton Women's Survey Study Group: Dietary patterns in infancy: the importance of maternal and family influences on feeding practice. Br J Nutr 2007, 98:1029-1037.
• [23]Smithers LG, Golley RK, Brazionis L, Lynch JW: Characterizing whole diets of young children from developed countries and the association between diet and health: a systematic review. Nutr Rev 2011, 69:449-467.
• [24]Smithers LG, Brazionis L, Golley RK, Mittinty MN, Northstone K, Emmett P, McNaughton SA, Campbell KJ, Lynch JW: Associations between dietary patterns at 6 and 15 months of age and sociodemographic factors. Eur J Clin Nutr 2012, 66:658-666.
• [25]Vereecken C, Maes L: Young children's dietary habits and associations with the mothers' nutritional knowledge and attitudes. Appetite 2010, 54:44-51.
• [26]McLeod ER, Campbell KJ, Hesketh KD: Nutrition knowledge: a mediator between socioeconomic position and diet quality in Australian first-time mothers. J Am Diet Assoc 2011, 111:696-704.
• [27]Kelder SH, Perry CL, Klepp KI, Lytle LL: Longitudinal tracking of adolescent smoking, physical activity, and food choice behaviors. Am J Public Health 1994, 84:1121-1126.
• [28]Stein AD, Shea S, Basch CE, Contento IR, Zybert P: Variability and tracking of nutrient intakes of preschool children based on multiple administrations of the 24-hour dietary recall. Am J Epidemiol 1991, 134:1427-1437.
• [29]Boulton TJ, Magarey AM, Cockington RA: Tracking of serum lipids and dietary energy, fat and calcium intake from 1 to 15 years. Acta Paediatr 1995, 84:1050-1055.
• [30]Singer MR, Moore LL, Garrahie EJ, Ellison RC: The tracking of nutrient intake in young children: the Framingham Children's study. Am J Public Health 1995, 85:1673-1677.
• [31]Northstone K, Emmett PM: Are dietary patterns stable throughout early and mid-childhood? a birth cohort study. Br J Nutr 2008, 100:1069-1076.
• [32]Lake AA, Rugg-Gunn AJ, Hyland RM, Wood CE, Mathers JC, Adamson AJ: Longitudinal dietary change from adolescence to adulthood: perceptions, attributions and evidence. Appetite 2004, 42:255-263.
• [33]Magnus P, Irgens LM, Haug K, Nystad W, Skjaerven R, Stoltenberg C, MoBa Study Group: Cohort profile: the Norwegian mother and child cohort study (MoBa). Int J Epidemiol 2006, 35:1146-1150.
• [34]Madruga SW, Araujo CLP, Bertoldi AD, Neutzling MB: Tracking of dietary patterns from childhood to adolescence. Rev Saude Publica 2012, 46:376-386.
• [35]Kristiansen AL, Lande B, Sexton JA, Andersen LF: Dietary patterns among Norwegian 2-year-olds in 1999 and in 2007 and associations with child and parent characteristics. Br J Nutr 2013, 110:135-144.
• [36]Totland TH, Gebremariam MK, Lien N, Bjelland M, Grydeland M, Bergh IH, Klepp KI, Andersen LF: Does tracking of dietary behaviours differ by parental education in children during the transition into adolescence? Public Health Nutr 2013, 16:673-682.
• [37]Krebs-Smith SM, Heimendinger J, Subar AF, Patterson BH, Pivonka E: Using food frequency questionnaires to estimate fruit and vegetable intake: association between the number of questions and total intakes. J Nutr Educ 1995, 27:80-85.
• [38]Lien N, Lytle LA, Klepp K-I: Stability in consumption of fruit, vegetables, and sugary foods in a cohort from age 14 to age 21. Prev Med 2001, 33:217-226.
• [39]Øverby NC, Andersen LF: Ungkost 2000: a national representative dietary survey among Norwegian children and adolescents [in Norwegian]. Oslo: Directorate for Health and Social Affairs; 2000.
• [40]Cooke LJ, Wardle J: Age and gender differences in children's food preferences. Br J Nutr 2005, 93:741-746.
• [41]Vereecken CA, Keukelier E, Maes L: Influence of mother's educational level on food parenting practices and food habits of young children. Appetite 2004, 43:93-103.
• [42]Bere E, van LF, Klepp K-I, Brug J: Why do parents' education level and income affect the amount of fruits and vegetables adolescents eat? Eur J Public Health 2008, 18:611-615.
• [43]Fitzmaurice G: Regression to the mean. Nutrition 2000, 16:80-81.