True lemurs…true species - species delimitation using multiple data sources in the brown lemur complex

BMC Evolutionary Biology

Peter M Kappeler²  Markus Brameier⁴  Phillip von Grumbkow³  Claudia Fichtel¹  Hanitriniaina Rakotonirina¹  Matthias Markolf¹ 

[1] Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology Unit, German Primate Center, Göttingen, Germany;Department of Sociobiology/Anthropology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany;Department of Historical Anthropology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany;Primate Genetics Laboratory, German Primate Center, Göttingen, Germany

关键词: Integrative taxonomy;    Taxonomic inflation;    Madagascar;    Eulemur;    Species delimitation;   

Others  :  1085492
DOI  :  10.1186/1471-2148-13-233

 received in 2013-06-25, accepted in 2013-10-16,  发布年份 2013

【 摘 要 】

Background

Species are the fundamental units in evolutionary biology. However, defining them as evolutionary independent lineages requires integration of several independent sources of information in order to develop robust hypotheses for taxonomic classification. Here, we exemplarily propose an integrative framework for species delimitation in the “brown lemur complex” (BLC) of Madagascar, which consists of seven allopatric populations of the genus Eulemur (Primates: Lemuridae), which were sampled extensively across northern, eastern and western Madagascar to collect fecal samples for DNA extraction as well as recordings of vocalizations. Our data base was extended by including museum specimens with reliable identification and locality information for skull shape and pelage color analysis.

Results

Between-group analyses of principal components revealed significant heterogeneity in skull shape, pelage color variation and loud calls across all seven populations. Furthermore, post-hoc statistical tests between pairs of populations revealed considerable discordance among different data sets for different dyads. Despite a high degree of incomplete lineage sorting among nuclear loci, significant exclusive ancestry was found for all populations, except for E. cinereiceps, based on one mitochondrial and three nuclear genetic loci.

Conclusions

Using several independent lines of evidence, our results confirm the species status of the members of the BLC under the general lineage concept of species. More generally, the present analyses demonstrate the importance and value of integrating different kinds of data in delimiting recently evolved radiations.

【 授权许可】

   
2013 Markolf et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

【 图 表 】

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