Impact of positive chest X-ray findings and blood cultures on adverse outcomes following hospitalized pneumococcal lower respiratory tract infection: a population-based cohort study

BMC Infectious Diseases

Reimar W Thomsen⁵  Lotte Lambertsen¹  Helle Bossen Konradsen¹  Hans-Christian Slotved¹  Christian Østergaard²  Jette Bangsborg³  Jenny D Knudsen²  Rikke B Nielsen⁵  Thomas Benfield⁶  Henrik C Schønheyder⁴  Marlene Skovgaard⁵ 

[1] Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen S, 2300, Denmark;Department of Clinical Microbiology, Copenhagen University Hospital – Hvidovre, Hvidovre, 2650, Denmark;Department of Clinical Microbiology, Copenhagen University Hospital – Herlev, Herlev, 2730, Denmark;Department of Clinical Microbiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, 9000, Denmark;Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, 8200, Denmark;Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital – Hvidovre, Hvidovre, 2650, Denmark

关键词: Thoracic radiography;    Outcome assessment (Health care);    Epidemiologic study;    Sepsis;    Bacteremia;    Pneumonia;    Respiratory tract infection;    Pneumococcal infection/diagnosis;    Streptococcus pneumoniae;   

Others  :  1148617
DOI  :  10.1186/1471-2334-13-197

 received in 2013-01-14, accepted in 2013-04-24,  发布年份 2013

【 摘 要 】

Background

Little is known about the clinical presentation and outcome of pneumococcal lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) without positive chest X-ray findings and blood cultures. We investigated the prognostic impact of a pulmonary infiltrate and bacteraemia on the clinical course of hospitalized patients with confirmed pneumococcal LRTI.

Methods

We studied a population-based multi-centre cohort of 705 adults hospitalized with LRTI and Streptococcus pneumoniae in LRT specimens or blood: 193 without pulmonary infiltrate or bacteraemia, 250 with X-ray confirmed pneumonia, and 262 with bacteraemia. We compared adverse outcomes in the three groups and used multiple regression analyses to adjust for differences in age, sex, comorbidity, and lifestyle factors.

Results

Patients with no infiltrate and no bacteraemia were of similar age but had more comorbidity than the other groups (Charlson index score ≥1: no infiltrate and no bacteraemia 81% vs. infiltrate without bacteraemia 72% vs. bacteraemia 61%), smoked more tobacco, and had more respiratory symptoms. In contrast, patients with a pulmonary infiltrate or bacteraemia had more inflammation (median C-reactive protein: no infiltrate and no bacteraemia 82 mg/L vs. infiltrate without bacteraemia 163 mg/L vs. bacteraemia 316 mg/L) and higher acute disease severity scores. All adverse outcomes increased from patients with no infiltrate and no bacteraemia to those with an infiltrate and to those with bacteraemia: Length of hospital stay (5 vs. 6 vs. 8 days); intensive care admission (7% vs. 20% vs. 23%); pulmonary complications (1% vs. 5% vs. 14%); and 30-day mortality (5% vs. 11% vs. 21%). Compared with patients with no infiltrate and no bacteraemia, the adjusted 30-day mortality rate ratio was 1.9 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.9-4.1) in patients with an infiltrate without bacteraemia and 4.1 (95% CI 2.0-8.5) in bacteraemia patients. Adjustment for acute disease severity and inflammatory markers weakened these associations.

Conclusions

Hospitalization with confirmed pneumococcal LRTI is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality even without positive chest X-ray findings and blood cultures. Still, there is a clinically important outcome gradient from LRTI patients with pneumococcal isolation only to those with detected pulmonary infiltrate or bacteraemia which is partly mediated by higher acute disease severity and inflammation.

【 授权许可】

   
2013 Skovgaard et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

【 图 表 】

Figure 1.

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