MHC genes and parasitism in Carassius gibelio, a diploid-triploid fish species with dual reproduction strategies

BMC Evolutionary Biology

Martina Vyskočilová²  Lukáš Vetešník¹  Martin Košař²  Andrea Šimková² 

[1] Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Květná 8, Brno 603 65, Czech Republic;Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, Brno 611 37, Czech Republic

关键词: Parasitism;    Coexistence;    MHC;    Polyploid fish;    Sexual reproduction;    Gynogenesis;   

Others  :  1087094
DOI  :  10.1186/1471-2148-13-122

 received in 2013-03-26, accepted in 2013-06-06,  发布年份 2013

【 摘 要 】

Background

The gibel carp is a fish species with dual reproduction modes, gynogenesis and sexual reproduction, coexisting in mixed diploid-polyploid populations. Following the Red Queen (RQ) assumption, asexual organisms are, due to their low genetic diversity, targets for parasite adaptation. Because MHC polymorphism is maintained by selection from parasites and sexual selection, MHC genes are considered as a suitable candidate for testing the RQ hypothesis. In this study, we investigated MHC variability and the selection pressure acting on MHC genes in sexual diploids and asexual triploids. In addition, we tested whether the asexual form of gibel carp suffers from higher parasite loads than the sexual form.

Results

At the population level, genotype and allelic diversity of MHC were reduced in gynogenetic triploids when compared to sexual diploids. Different patterns in positively selected sites (PSS) between gynogens and sexual gibel carp were also found. A weak difference in parasite species richness was found between sexual fish and gynogens. However, two common clones of gynogens were significantly more parasitized than sexual diploids or other gynogens with rare MHC genotypes. At the individual level, the higher number of alleles was not associated with higher parasitism in either sexual diploids or gynogens.

Conclusions

The differences in MHC diversity between gynogenetic triploids and sexual diploids are in accordance with the hypothesis of sexually-mediated selection increasing MHC diversity and fulfil a prerequisite of the Red Queen hypothesis. The different patterns in PSS between gynogens and sexual gibel carp also suggest the potential role of sexual selection and supports parasite-mediated selection maintaining MHC diversity. We showed that the most common MHC genotypes of gynogenetic triploids are the target of parasite selection. Our results suggest that the MHC genotype in gibel carp is more important than allelic number for immunocompetence.

【 授权许可】

   
2013 Šimková et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

【 图 表 】

Figure 1.

Figure 2.

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