Towards a model of postglacial biogeography in shallow marine species along the Patagonian Province: lessons from the limpet Nacella magellanica (Gmelin, 1791)

BMC Evolutionary Biology

Elie Poulin¹  Tomoyuki Nakano³  Andrés Mansilla²  Juan I Cañete²  Mathias Hüne²  Claudio A González-Wevar¹ 

[1] Laboratorio de Ecología Molecular, Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad (IEB), Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras # 3425, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile;Departamento de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile;Seto Marine Biological Laboratory, Field Science Education and Research Centre, Kyoto Univeristy, 459 Shirahama, Nishimuro, Wakayama, 649-2211, Japan

关键词: Falkland/Malvinas Islands;    Patagonian Province;    Asymmetric gene flow;    Larval dispersal;    Nacella magellanica;    Expansion-contraction model;    Post-glacial recolonization;    Last glacial maximum;    Cape horn current;    Quaternary;   

Others  :  1140580
DOI  :  10.1186/1471-2148-12-139

 received in 2012-04-26, accepted in 2012-07-25,  发布年份 2012

【 摘 要 】

Background

Patagonia extends for more than 84,000 km of irregular coasts is an area especially apt to evaluate how historic and contemporary processes influence the distribution and connectivity of shallow marine benthic organisms. The true limpet Nacella magellanica has a wide distribution in this province and represents a suitable model to infer the Quaternary glacial legacy on marine benthic organisms. This species inhabits ice-free rocky ecosystems, has a narrow bathymetric range and consequently should have been severely affected by recurrent glacial cycles during the Quaternary. We performed phylogeographic and demographic analyses of N. magellanica from 14 localities along its distribution in Pacific Patagonia, Atlantic Patagonia, and the Falkland/Malvinas Islands.

Results

Mitochondrial (COI) DNA analyses of 357 individuals of N. magellanica revealed an absence of genetic differentiation in the species with a single genetic unit along Pacific Patagonia. However, we detected significant genetic differences among three main groups named Pacific Patagonia, Atlantic Patagonia and Falkland/Malvinas Islands. Migration rate estimations indicated asymmetrical gene flow, primarily from Pacific Patagonia to Atlantic Patagonia (N_em=2.21) and the Falkland/Malvinas Islands (N_em=16.6). Demographic reconstruction in Pacific Patagonia suggests a recent recolonization process (< 10 ka) supported by neutrality tests, mismatch distribution and the median-joining haplotype genealogy.

Conclusions

Absence of genetic structure, a single dominant haplotype, lack of correlation between geographic and genetic distance, high estimated migration rates and the signal of recent demographic growth represent a large body of evidence supporting the hypothesis of rapid postglacial expansion in this species in Pacific Patagonia. This expansion could have been sustained by larval dispersal following the main current system in this area. Lower levels of genetic diversity in inland sea areas suggest that fjords and channels represent the areas most recently colonized by the species. Hence recolonization seems to follow a west to east direction to areas that were progressively deglaciated. Significant genetic differences among Pacific, Atlantic and Falkland/Malvinas Islands populations may be also explained through disparities in their respective glaciological and geological histories. The Falkland/Malvinas Islands, more than representing a glacial refugium for the species, seems to constitute a sink area considering the strong asymmetric gene flow detected from Pacific to Atlantic sectors. These results suggest that historical and contemporary processes represent the main factors shaping the modern biogeography of most shallow marine benthic invertebrates inhabiting the Patagonian Province.

【 授权许可】

   
2012 González-Wevar et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

【 图 表 】

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