Perinatal and early life factors associated with symptoms of depression in Brazilian children

BMC Public Health

Heloisa Bettiol¹  Marco A Barbieri¹  Fernando Lamy-Filho⁵  Felipe P Figueiredo⁴  Juliana D Rodriguez²  Rosângela F Batista²  Vanda M Simões³  Maria T Alves²  Antônio A Silva²  Thaís S Pereira² 

[1]Department of Puericulture and Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil

[2]Department of Public Health, Federal University of Maranhão, Rua Barão de Itapary, 155, 65020-070, São Luís, MA, Brazil

[3]Department of Medicine I, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, MA, Brazil

[4]Department of Neurosciences and Behavioural Sciences, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil

[5]Department of Medicine III, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, MA, Brazil

关键词: Social class;    Premature birth;    Child;    Depressive symptoms;    Low birth weight;    Infant;   

Others  :  1163370
DOI  :  10.1186/1471-2458-12-605

 received in 2012-03-16, accepted in 2012-07-27,  发布年份 2012

【 摘 要 】

Background

Few studies have been conducted on the association between perinatal and early life factors with childhood depression and results are conflicting. Our aim was to estimate the prevalence and perinatal and early life factors associated with symptoms of depression in children aged 7 to 11 years from two Brazilian birth cohorts.

Methods

The study was conducted on 1444 children whose data were collected at birth and at school age, in 1994 and 2004/2005 in Ribeirao Preto, where they were aged 10–11 years and in 1997/98 and 2005/06 in São Luís, where children were aged 7–9 years. Depressive symptoms were investigated with the Child Depression Inventory(CDI), categorized as yes (score ≥ 20) and no (score < 20). Adjusted and non-adjusted prevalence ratios (PR) were estimated by Poisson regression with robust estimation of the standard errors.

Results

The prevalence of depressive symptoms was 3.9% (95%CI = 2.5-5.4) in Ribeirão Preto and 13.7% (95%CI = 11.0-16.4) in São Luís. In the adjusted analysis, in Ribeirão Preto, low birth weight (PR = 3.98; 95%CI = 1.72-9.23), skilled and semi-skilled manual occupation (PR = 5.30; 95%CI = 1.14-24.76) and unskilled manual occupation and unemployment (PR = 6.65; 95%CI = 1.16-38.03) of the household head were risk factors for depressive symptoms. In São Luís, maternal schooling of 0–4 years (PR = 2.39; 95%CI = 1.31-4.34) and of 5 to 8 years (PR = 1.80; 95%CI = 1.08-3.01), and paternal age <20 years (PR = 1.92; 95%CI = 1.02-3.61), were independent risk factors for depressive symptoms.

Conclusions

The prevalence of depressive symptoms was much higher in the less developed city, São Luís, than in the more developed city, Ribeirão Preto, and than those reported in several international studies. Low socioeconomic level was associated with depressive symptoms in both cohorts. Low paternal age was a risk factor for depressive symptoms in the less developed city, São Luís, whereas low birth weight was a risk factor for depressive symptoms in the more developed city, Ribeirão Preto.

【 授权许可】

   
2012 Pereira et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

【 图 表 】

Figure 1.

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