Malaria prevalence, anemia and baseline intervention coverage prior to mass net distributions in Abia and Plateau States, Nigeria

BMC Infectious Diseases

Frank O Richards³  Paul M Emerson³  Emmanuel Miri⁵  Olusola Oresanya¹  Renn McClintic-Doyle³  Chinyere Okoro⁴  Solomon Eneiramo⁵  Josephine Obiezu⁶  Elizabeth Cromwell³  Masayo Ozaki³  Jeremiah Ngondi³  James Damen⁷  Kal Alphonsus⁵  Mary Umar⁸  Oji Uka Oji⁹  Iheanyichi Okorofor⁹  Joseph Ajiji⁸  Amy E Patterson²  Emmanuel Emukah⁶  Abel Eigege⁵  Adamu Sallau⁵  Patricia M Graves^1,10  Gregory S Noland³ 

[1] Federal Ministry of Health, Abuja, Nigeria;Current address: Agnes Scott College, Decatur, GA, USA;The Carter Center, 453 Freedom Parkway, Atlanta, GA 30307, USA;Federal Medical Centre, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria;The Carter Center, Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria;The Carter Center, Southeast Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria;University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria;Plateau State Ministry of Health, Jos, Nigeria;Abia State Ministry of Health, Umuahia, Nigeria;Current address: School of Public Health, Tropical Medicine and Rehabilitation Sciences, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia

关键词: Bed net;    LLIN;    Nigeria;    Net ownership;    Net use;    Anemia;    Malariae;    Falciparum;    Plasmodium;    Malaria;   

Others  :  1134257
DOI  :  10.1186/1471-2334-14-168

 received in 2013-11-27, accepted in 2014-03-21,  发布年份 2014

【 摘 要 】

Background

Nigeria suffers the world’s largest malaria burden, with approximately 51 million cases and 207,000 deaths annually. As part of the country’s aim to reduce by 50% malaria-related morbidity and mortality by 2013, it embarked on mass distribution of free long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs).

Methods

Prior to net distribution campaigns in Abia and Plateau States, Nigeria, a modified malaria indicator survey was conducted in September 2010 to determine baseline state-level estimates of Plasmodium prevalence, childhood anemia, indoor residual spraying (IRS) coverage and bednet ownership and utilization.

Results

Overall age-adjusted prevalence of Plasmodium infection by microscopy was similar between Abia (36.1%, 95% CI: 32.3%–40.1%; n = 2,936) and Plateau (36.6%, 95% CI: 31.3%–42.3%; n = 4,209), with prevalence highest among children 5-9 years. P. malariae accounted for 32.0% of infections in Abia, but only 1.4% of infections in Plateau. More than half of children ≤10 years were anemic, with anemia significantly higher in Abia (76.9%, 95% CI: 72.1%–81.0%) versus Plateau (57.1%, 95% CI: 50.6%–63.4%). Less than 1% of households in Abia (n = 1,305) or Plateau (n = 1,335) received IRS in the 12 months prior to survey. Household ownership of at least one bednet of any type was 10.1% (95% CI: 7.5%–13.4%) in Abia and 35.1% (95% CI: 29.2%-41.5%) in Plateau. Ownership of two or more bednets was 2.1% (95% CI: 1.2%–3.7%) in Abia and 14.5% (95% CI: 10.2%–20.3%) in Plateau. Overall reported net use the night before the survey among all individuals, children <5 years, and pregnant women was 3.4%, 6.0% and 5.7%, respectively in Abia and 14.7%, 19.1% and 21.0%, respectively in Plateau. Among households owning nets, 34.4% of children <5 years and 31.6% of pregnant women in Abia used a net, compared to 52.6% of children and 62.7% of pregnant women in Plateau.

Conclusions

These results reveal high Plasmodium prevalence and childhood anemia in both states, low baseline coverage of IRS and LLINs, and sub-optimal net use—especially among age groups with highest observed malaria burden.

【 授权许可】

   
2014 Noland et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

【 图 表 】

Figure 1.

Figure 2.

Figure 3.

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