Associations between the legal context of HIV, perceived social capital, and HIV antiretroviral adherence in North America

BMC Public Health

William L Holzemer⁸  Emily Huang^2,23  Yvette Cuca^2,23  Paula Reid^1,10  Elizabeth Sefcik^2,21  Kenn M Kirksey^2,22  Puangtip Chaiphibalsarisdi^1,12  Carmen J Portillo^2,23  Jeanne Kemppainen⁹  Mary Maryland^1,16  Mallory O Johnson^2,24  Patrice K Nicholas¹  Marta Rivero-Méndez^1,11  Lynda Tyer-Viola²  Lucille Sanzero Eller⁴  Scholastika Iipinge^1,15  Wei-Ti Chen^1,13  John Brion³  Kathleen Nokes⁶  Dean Wantland^1,17  Joachim Voss^1,14  Kathleen M Sullivan⁵  Inge B Corless^1,19  Carol Dawson Rose^1,18  Allison Webel⁷  J Craig Phillips^2,20 

[1] Global Health and Academic Partnerships, Brigham and Women's Hospital and MGH, Institute of Health Professions, 36 1st Avenue, Boston, MA 02129, USA;MGH Institute of Health Professions, 3047 Bonnebridge Way, Houston, TX 77082, USA;Duke University School of Nursing, 20 West Bridlewood Trail, Durham, NC 27713, USA;Rutgers College of Nursing, 101 Glen Rock Road, Cedar Grove, NJ 07009, USA;University of Hawaii School of Nursing, McCarthy Mall, Webster 439, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA;Hunter College, CUNY, Hunter Bellevue SON, 425 East 25 Street, Box 874, New York, NY 10010, USA;Frances Payne Bolton School of Nursing, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44122, USA;Rutgers College of Nursing, Ackerson Hall, 180 University Avenue, Room 302C, Newark, NJ 07102, USA;University of North Carolina Wilmington, 601 S. College Road, Wilmington, NC 28403, USA;The University of North Carolina at Wilmington, School of Nursing, 601 College Road, Wilmington, NC 28403-5995, USA;University of Puerto Rico, PO Box 365067, San Juan, PR 00936-5067, Puerto Rico;Shinawatra University, School of Nursing, 99 Moo 10, Bangtoey, Pathumthani, Samkhok 12160, Thailand;Yale University School of Nursing, PO Box 27399, West Haven, CT 06516-7399, USA;University of Washington School of Nursing, Box 357266, Seattle, WA 98103, USA;University of Namibia Main Campus, Mandume Ndemufayo Avenue, Block F, Room 204, 3rd Level, Windhoek, Namibia;Chicago State University College of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing, 420 S. Home Avenue, Oak Park, IL 60302, USA;Office of Research & Evaluation, Rutgers College of Nursing, Ackerson Hall, 180 University Avenue, Room 330, Newark, NJ 07102, USA;Department of Community Health Systems, University of California School of Nursing, San Francisco, CA 94143-0608, USA;MGH Institute of Health Professions, CNY 36 1st Avenue, Boston, MA 02116, USA;Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa School of Nursing, 451 chemin Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada;Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi, 6300 Ocean Dr. Island Hall, Rm 329, Corpus Christi, TX 78404, USA;Nursing Strategic Initiatives, Lyndon B. Johnson Hospital – Executive Administration, Harris Health System, 5656 Kelley Street, Houston, TX 77026, USA;University of California, School of Nurisng, 2 Koret Way, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA;University of California, 50 Beale Street, Suite 1300, San Francisco, CA 94105, USA

关键词: Vulnerable populations;    Sexual minority;    Jurisprudence;    HIV-related prosecution;    HIV/AIDS;    Ecosocial theory;   

Others  :  1161946
DOI  :  10.1186/1471-2458-13-736

 received in 2012-12-11, accepted in 2013-08-06,  发布年份 2013

【 摘 要 】

Background

Human rights approaches to manage HIV and efforts to decriminalize HIV exposure/transmission globally offer hope to persons living with HIV (PLWH). However, among vulnerable populations of PLWH, substantial human rights and structural challenges (disadvantage and injustice that results from everyday practices of a well-intentioned liberal society) must be addressed. These challenges span all ecosocial context levels and in North America (Canada and the United States) can include prosecution for HIV nondisclosure and HIV exposure/transmission. Our aims were to: 1) Determine if there were associations between the social structural factor of criminalization of HIV exposure/transmission, the individual factor of perceived social capital (resources to support one’s life chances and overcome life’s challenges), and HIV antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence among PLWH and 2) describe the nature of associations between the social structural factor of criminalization of HIV exposure/transmission, the individual factor of perceived social capital, and HIV ART adherence among PLWH.

Methods

We used ecosocial theory and social epidemiology to guide our study. HIV related criminal law data were obtained from published literature. Perceived social capital and HIV ART adherence data were collected from adult PLWH. Correlation and logistic regression were used to identify and characterize observed associations.

Results

Among a sample of adult PLWH (n = 1873), significant positive associations were observed between perceived social capital, HIV disclosure required by law, and self-reported HIV ART adherence. We observed that PLWH who have higher levels of perceived social capital and who live in areas where HIV disclosure is required by law reported better average adherence. In contrast, PLWH who live in areas where HIV transmission/exposure is a crime reported lower 30-day medication adherence. Among our North American participants, being of older age, of White or Hispanic ancestry, and having higher perceived social capital, were significant predictors of better HIV ART adherence.

Conclusions

Treatment approaches offer clear advantages in controlling HIV and reducing HIV transmission at the population level. These advantages, however, will have limited benefit for adherence to treatments without also addressing the social and structural challenges that allow HIV to continue to spread among society’s most vulnerable populations.

【 授权许可】

   
2013 Phillips et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

【 图 表 】

Figure 1.

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