So depression is an inflammatory disease, but where does the inflammation come from?

BMC Medicine

Michael Maes⁶  Michelle L Byrne¹  Amie C Hayley⁵  Amanda L Stuart⁵  Nicholas B Allen¹  Steven Moylan⁵  Julie A Pasco²  Adrienne O’Neil⁴  Felice N Jacka⁷  Lana J Williams⁷  Michael Berk³ 

[1] Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia;NorthWest Academic Centre, Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, St Albans, VIC, Australia;Orygen Youth Health Research Centre, Parkville, VIC, Australia;School of Public health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia;IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia;Department of Psychiatry, Chulalongkorn University, Rama Road, Bangkok, Thailand;Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia

关键词: Oxidative stress;    Gut;    Atopic;    Sleep;    Dental cares;    Vitamin D;    Smoking;    Exercise;    Obesity;    Diet;    Cytokines;    Inflammation;    Depression;   

Others  :  855718
DOI  :  10.1186/1741-7015-11-200

 received in 2013-02-08, accepted in 2013-05-31,  发布年份 2013

【 摘 要 】

Background

We now know that depression is associated with a chronic, low-grade inflammatory response and activation of cell-mediated immunity, as well as activation of the compensatory anti-inflammatory reflex system. It is similarly accompanied by increased oxidative and nitrosative stress (O&NS), which contribute to neuroprogression in the disorder. The obvious question this poses is ‘what is the source of this chronic low-grade inflammation?’

Discussion

This review explores the role of inflammation and oxidative and nitrosative stress as possible mediators of known environmental risk factors in depression, and discusses potential implications of these findings. A range of factors appear to increase the risk for the development of depression, and seem to be associated with systemic inflammation; these include psychosocial stressors, poor diet, physical inactivity, obesity, smoking, altered gut permeability, atopy, dental cares, sleep and vitamin D deficiency.

Summary

The identification of known sources of inflammation provides support for inflammation as a mediating pathway to both risk and neuroprogression in depression. Critically, most of these factors are plastic, and potentially amenable to therapeutic and preventative interventions. Most, but not all, of the above mentioned sources of inflammation may play a role in other psychiatric disorders, such as bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, autism and post-traumatic stress disorder.

【 授权许可】

   
2013 Berk et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

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