Serum calcium and magnesium levels in women presenting with pre-eclampsia and pregnancy-induced hypertension: a case–control study in the Cape Coast metropolis, Ghana

BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth

Enoch Odame Anto¹  Samuel Amoah³  Henrietta Eshun²  Seth Wiredu Denkyira²  Derick Nii Mensah Osakunor¹  Richard Kobina Dadzie Ephraim² 

[1] Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana;Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana;Laboratory Department, University Health Services, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana

关键词: Pre-eclampsia;    Pregnancy-induced hypertension;    Magnesium;    Electrolytes;    Calcium;   

Others  :  1091557
DOI  :  10.1186/s12884-014-0390-2

 received in 2014-08-09, accepted in 2014-11-06,  发布年份 2014

【 摘 要 】

Background

Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy are important causes of morbidity and mortality. The levels of calcium (Ca²⁺) and magnesium (Mg²⁺) in pregnancy may implicate their possible role in pregnancy-induced hypertension. This study assessed serum Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ levels in women with PIH (pregnancy-induced hypertension) and PE (pre-eclampsia), compared to that in normal pregnancy.

Methods

This case–control study was conducted on 380 pregnant women (≥20 weeks gestation) receiving antenatal care at three hospitals in the Cape Coast metropolis, Ghana. This comprised 120 women with PIH, 100 women with PE and 160 healthy, age-matched pregnant women (controls). Demographic, anthropometric, clinical and obstetric data were gathered using an interview-based questionnaire. Venous blood samples were drawn for the estimation of calcium and magnesium.

Results

Systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were significantly raised in women with PIH (p < 0.0001) and PE (p < 0.0001). Women with hypertensive disorders (PE and PIH) had significantly lower serum calcium and magnesium levels than those in the control group (p < 0.0001 each). Of those with PIH, SBP correlated positively with BMI (r = 0.575, p < 0.01) and Ca²⁺ correlated positively with Mg²⁺ (r = 0.494, p < 0.01). This was similar amongst the PE group for SBP and BMI as well as for Ca²⁺and Mg²⁺ but was not significant. Multivariate analysis showed that women aged ≥40 years were at a significant risk of developing PIH (OR = 2.14, p = 0.000).

Conclusion

In this study population, serum calcium and magnesium levels are lower in PIH and PE than in normal pregnancy. Mineral supplementation during the antenatal period may influence significantly, the occurrence of hypertensive disorders in pregnancy.

【 授权许可】

   
2014 Ephraim et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

【 图 表 】

Figure 1.

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