AFLP analysis reveals high genetic diversity but low population structure in Coccidioides posadasii isolates from Mexico and Argentina

BMC Infectious Diseases

María Rocío del Reyes-Montes³  Laura Rosio Castañón-Olivares³  Cristina Canteros⁴  María Guadalupe Frías-De-León¹  Gerardo Zúñiga²  Esperanza Duarte-Escalante³ 

[1] División de Investigación, Hospital Juárez de México, Edificio E. Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 5160, Col. Magdalena de las Salinas, 07760, México, D. F., México;Departamento de Zoología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prol. de Carpio y Plan de Ayala. Col. Sto. Tomás, 11340, México, D. F., México;Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad Universitaria No. 3000, México, D. F. 04510, México;Departamento de Micología, INEI ANLIS “Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán”, Av. Velez Sarsfield 563, 1281, Buenos Aires, Argentina

关键词: Reproductive system;    Haplotypes;    Genotypic variability;   

Others  :  1145886
DOI  :  10.1186/1471-2334-13-411

 received in 2013-01-18, accepted in 2013-08-30,  发布年份 2013

【 摘 要 】

Background

Coccidioides immitis and C. posadasii cause coccidioidomycosis, a disease that is endemic to North and South America, but for Central America, the incidence of coccidioidomycosis has not been clearly established. Several studies suggest genetic variability in these fungi; however, little definitive information has been discovered about the variability of Coccidioides fungi in Mexico (MX) and Argentina (AR). Thus, the goals for this work were to study 32 Coccidioides spp. isolates from MX and AR, identify the species of these Coccidioides spp. isolates, analyse their phenotypic variability, examine their genetic variability and investigate the Coccidioides reproductive system and its level of genetic differentiation.

Methods

Coccidioides spp. isolates from MX and AR were taxonomically identified by phylogenetic inference analysis using partial sequences of the Ag2/PRA gene and their phenotypic characteristics analysed. The genetic variability, reproductive system and level of differentiation were estimated using AFLP markers. The level of genetic variability was assessed measuring the percentage of polymorphic loci, number of effective allele, expected heterocygosity and Index of Association (I_A). The degree of genetic differentiation was determined by AMOVA. Genetic similarities among isolates were estimated using Jaccard index. The UPGMA was used to contsruct the corresponding dendrogram. Finally, a network of haplotypes was built to evaluate the genealogical relationships among AFLP haplotypes.

Results

All isolates of Coccidioides spp. from MX and AR were identified as C. posadasii. No phenotypic variability was observed among the C. posadasii isolates from MX and AR. Analyses of genetic diversity and population structure were conducted using AFLP markers. Different estimators of genetic variability indicated that the C. posadasii isolates from MX and AR had high genetic variability. Furthermore, AMOVA, dendrogram and haplotype network showed a small genetic differentiation among the C. posadasii populations analysed from MX and AR. Additionally, the I_A calculated for the isolates suggested that the species has a recombinant reproductive system.

Conclusions

No phenotypic variability was observed among the C. posadasii isolates from MX and AR. The high genetic variability observed in the isolates from MX and AR and the small genetic differentiation observed among the C. posadasii isolates analysed, suggest that this species could be distributed as a single genetic population in Latin America.

【 授权许可】

   
2013 Duarte-Escalante et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

【 图 表 】

Figure 1.

Figure 2.

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