Does cultural practice affects neonatal survival- a case control study among low birth weight babies in Aceh Province, Indonesia

BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth

Satrinawati Berkat²  Rosnah Sutan¹ 

[1] Community Health Department, Universiti kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaakob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak Cheras, 56000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia;Maternal and Child Health Program, Aceh Besar District Health Office, Aceh Province, Indonesia

关键词: Neonatal mortality;    Low birth weight;    Maternal factors;   

Others  :  1122696
DOI  :  10.1186/1471-2393-14-342

 received in 2013-10-18, accepted in 2014-09-23,  发布年份 2014

【 摘 要 】

Background

Cultural practice have often overlooked when providing maternal and child health care services. Low birth weight is the second cause of neonatal mortality in the world but it is a major factor in a developing country such as Indonesia. The purpose of this study is to predict the neonatal mortality among low birth weight babies in Aceh Province Indonesia.

Methods

Unmatched case control study was conducted using data from year 2010 to 2012 in 8 selected districts of Aceh Province Indonesia. A total of 500 samples were obtained. There were 250 of the samples died in neonatal period (case group) and 250 who were alive (control group). There were 26 variables studied and were grouped into 4 factors: neonatal factor, maternal factor, maternal and child health services and neonatal care practices. The data was analysed using bivariate logistic regression and multivariate logistic regression.

Results

There were 13 out of 26 variables found as determinant factors of neonatal mortality among low birth weight babies in Aceh Province. The predictors found in this study were: boy (aOR1.80, 95% CI: 1.09-2.96), moderate low birth weight (aOR17.84, 95% CI: 6.20-51.35), preterm (aOR1.84, 95% CI: 1.07- 3.17), presence of maternal illnesses (aOR1.87, 95% CI: 1.06-3.30), too short or too long birth interval (aOR1.80, 95% CI: 1.20-2.91), inappropriate antenatal care (aOR2.29, 95% CI: 1.34-3.91), inappropriate neonatal visit (aOR7.04, 95% CI: 3.67-13.49), not practicing kangaroo mother care (aOR15.32, 95% CI: 2.85-82.56), not using warm bottle padding (aOR20.70, 95% CI: 6.32-67.80), not practicing ‘didaring’ (aOR4.33, 95% CI: 1.83-10.19), late initiation of breastfeeding (aOR2.03, 95% CI: 1.09-3.80), discard colostrums (aOR3.53, 95% CI: 1.93-6.43) and not practicing exclusive breastfeeding (aOR5.58, 95% CI: 2.89-10.77).

Conclusions

Cultural practices are strongly seen among Acehnese. Inappropriate antenatal care and neonatal care, late initiation of breastfeeding, discarding colostrums and not practicing exclusive breastfeeding were related to cultural practices. Improving knowledge heat preservation to prevent hypothermia using Kangaroo mother care, warm bottle padding and ‘didaring’ were proven methods to reduce neonatal mortality. Strengthening of health services in screening for high risk cases and anticipate intervention tailored to cultural practices are important to decrease neonatal mortality among low birth weight.

【 授权许可】

   
2014 sutan and berkat; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

【 图 表 】

Figure 1.

【 参考文献 】

• [1]Ali A, Howden-Chapman P: Maternity services and the role of the traditional birth attendant, bidan kampung, in rural Malaysia. J Public Health Management Practice 2007, 13(3):278-286.
• [2]Shekar C, Babu R: Cultural factors in health and oral health. Indian journal of dental advancements 2009, 1(1):24-30. Accessed at http://www.nacd.in/ijda/volume-01-issue-01/8-cultural-factors-in-health-and-oral-health webcite
• [3]Owoo, Lambon-Quayefio: National health insurance, social influence and antenatal care use in Ghana. Heal Econ Rev 2013, 1-12. http://www.healtheconomicsreview.com/content///2013 webcite, 3:19
• [4]Hishamshah M, bin Ramzan MS, Rahid A, Wan Mustaffa WNH, Haroon R, Badaruddin NB: Belief and practices of traditional postpartum care among a rural community in Penang Malaysia. The Internet Journal of Third World Medicine 2011., 9(2) doi:10.5580/49F
• [5]United Nation Children’s Fund: The State of The World Children’s. New York USA: United Nation Children’s Fund; 2009.
• [6]Nguyen KH, Jimenez E, Dayal SP, Hodge A: Disparities in child mortality trends: what is the evidence from disadvantaged states in India? The case of Orissa and Madhya Pradesh. Int J Equity Health 2013, 12:45. http://www.biomedsearch.com/attachments/00/23/80/27/23802752/1475-9276-12-45.pdf webcite BioMed Central Full Text
• [7]Lunze K, Bloom DE, Jamison DT, Hamer DH: The global burden of neonatal hypothermia: systematic review of major challenges for newborn survival. BMC Med 2013, 11:24. http://www.biomedcentral.com/1741-7015/11/24 webcite BioMed Central Full Text
• [8]Fishman C, Evans R, Jenks E: Warm bodies, cool milk: conflicts in post partum food choice for Indochinese women in California. Soc Sci Med 1988, 26:1125-1132.
• [9]Rossiter JC: Maternal-infant health beliefs and infant feeding practice: the perceptions and experience of immigrant Vietnamese women in Sydney. Contemp Nurse 1992, 1(2):75-82.
• [10]World Health Organization and United Nation Children’s Fund: Low Birth Weight: Country, Regional, Global Estimates. New York, USA: WHO & UNICEF; 2004.
• [11]Zupan J, Aahman E: Perinatal mortality for the year 2000: estimates developed by WHO. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2005.
• [12]Lawn JE, Cousens SN, Zupan J, Lancet Neonatal Survival Steering Team: Neonatal Survival 1: 4 million neonatal deaths: When? Where? Lancet seriesPublished online. March 3, 2005. http://www.who.int/maternal_child_adolescent/documents/pdfs/lancet_neonatal_survival_paper1.pdf webcite
• [13]Lawn JE, Cousens SN, Wilczynska K: Estimating the causes of four million neonatal deaths in the year 2000: statistical annex. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2005. [The world health report 2005]
• [14]United Nation Children’s Fund: The State of the World’s Children 2009: Maternal and Newborn. New York: USA. United Nation Children’s Fund; 2008.
• [15]Semba DR, Victora CG: Low Birth Weight and Neonatal Mortality: Nutrition and Health in Developing Countries. 2nd edition. USA: Human Press; 2008.
• [16]UNICEF: State of the world’s Children Report 2001. New York: UNICEF; 2000.
• [17]UNICEF: State of the World’s Children 2005. New York: UNICEF; 2004.
• [18]United Nation Children’s Fund: Level and Trends in Child Mortality. New York, USA: United Nation Children’s Fund; 2012.
• [19]United Nation Children’s Fund: Improving Child Nutrition; The Achievable Imperative for Global Progress. New York, USA: United Nation Children’s Fund; 2013.
• [20]Departemen Kesehatan Republik Indonesia: Riset Kesehatan Dasar: Riskesdas 2010. Jakarta: Indonesia. Departemen Kesehatan Republik Indonesia; 2010.
• [21]Departemen Kesehatan Republik Indonesia: Report on Result of National Basic Health Research (RISKESDAS) 2007. Jakarta, Indonesia: Departemen Kesehatan Republik Indonesia; 2008.
• [22]Ministry of Health Republic of Indonesia: Health Profile 2005. Jakarta: Ministry of Health, Republic of Indonesia; 2007.
• [23]Measure DHS: Demographic and health surveys. [http://www.measuredhs..com/countries/country_main_cfm?ctry_id=17&c=Indonesia webcite]
• [24]Ramadhan I, Thabrany H: The impact of universal health coverage associated with socio economical and medical factors on neonatal mortality in Aceh-Indonesia. The 4th International Conference on Aceh and Indian Oceanic Studies 2013. http://www.icaios2013.acehresearch.org/index.php/20-abstract/76-the-impact-of-universal-health-coverage-associated-with-socio-economical-and-medical-factors-on-neonatal-mortality-in-aceh-indonesia-2012 webcite
• [25]Shah P, Ohlsson A: Literature Review of low Birth Weight, Including Small for Gestational age and Preterm Birth. Canada: Institute of Health Economic University of Alberta; 2008.
• [26]Yasmin S, Osrin D, Paul E, Costello A: Neonatal mortality of low birth-weight infants in Bangladesh. Bull World Health Organ 2001, 79:608-614.
• [27]Aleman J, Brannstrom I, Liljestrand J, Pena R, Persson LA, Steidinger J: Saving more neonates in hospital: an intervention towards a sustainable reduction in neonatal mortality in a Nicaraguan hospital. Trop Doct 1998, 28:88-92.
• [28]Duke T, Willie L, Mgone JM: The effect of introduction of minimal standards of neonatal care on in-hospital mortality. PNG Med J 2000, 43:127-136.
• [29]Conde-Agudelo A, Diaz-Rossello JL, Belizan JML: Kangaroo mother care to reduce morbidity and mortality in low birth weight infants (Cochrane Review). Oxford: Update Software; 2003. [The Cochrane Library] Issue 4
• [30]Greenwood AM, Greenwood BM, Bradley AK, Williams K, Shenton FC, Tulloch S, Bypass P, Oldfield FS: A prospective survey of the outcome of pregnancy in a rural area of the Gambia. Bull World Health Organ 1987, 65:635-643.
• [31]Thaddeus S, Maine D: Too far to walk: maternal mortality in context. Soc Sci Med 1994, 38:1091-1110.
• [32]Schumacher R, Swedberg E, Diallo MO, Keita DR, Kalter H, Pasha O: Mortality Study in Guinea: Investigating the Causes of Death for Children Under 5. Washington: Save the Children Federation; 2002.
• [33]Darmstadt GL, Bhutta ZA A, Cousens S, Adam T, Walker N, de Bernis L, Lancet Neonatal Survival Steering Team: Neonatal survival 2: evidence-based, cost-effective interventions: how many newborn babies can we save? Lancet series 2005. http://www.who.int/maternal_child_adolescent/documents/pdfs/lancet_neonatal_survival_paper2.pdf webcite
• [34]Kramer MS: The epidemiology of adverse pregnancy outcomes: an overview. J Nutr 2003, 133(5 suppl 2):1592S-1596S.
• [35]Liu CY, Chang NT, Chou P: Testing the “Epidemiologic Paradox” of birth outcomes among Asian immigrant women in Hsin-Chu County, Taiwan. J Formos Med Assoc 2008, 107:10.
• [36]Schroter S: Acehnese Culture(s): Plurality and Homogeneity. Singapore: ISEAS,S; 157-179. http://www.publikationen.ub.uni_frankfurt.de/file/21452/Acehnese_cultures.pdf webcite
• [37]Ribeiro AM, Guimaraes MJ, Lima MC, Countinho SB, Sarinho SW: Risk factor for neonatal mortality among children with low birth weight. Rev Saude Publica 2009, 43:246-255.
• [38]Fleiss JL, Levin B, Paik MC: Statistical Methods for Rates and Proportions. 3rd edition. Hoboken, N.J: John Wiley & Sons; 2003:44-45.
• [39]Ibrahim J, Yorifuji T, Tsuda T, Kashima S, Doi H: Frequency of antenatal care visits and neonatal mortality in Indonesia. Trop Pediatr 2012, 58(3):184-188. doi:10.1093/tropej/fmr067. Epub 2011 Sep 9
• [40]Reis T, Elder J, Satoto , Kodyat BA, Palmer A: An examination of performance and motivation of Indonesian village health volunteers. Int Q Community Health Educ 1990, 1(1191):19-27. doi:10.2190/TFP4-V0DQ-NU0V-Y1TX
• [41]Bruce K: Reducing early neonatal mortality on Java, Indonesia: Increasing home visits during the first week of life. http://www.unfpa.org/sowmy/resources/docs/library/R418_Bruce_2004_INDONESIA_Reducing_Early_Neonatal_Mortality_on_Java.pdf webcite
• [42]Kim-Godwin YS: Beliefs and practices among non-western cultures. MCN Am J Matern Child Nurs 2003, 28:74-78.
• [43]Titaley CR, Dibley M, Roberts CL, Hall J: Determinant of neonatal mortality in Indonesia. BMJ Public Health 2008, 8:232. http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2458/8/232 webcite BioMed Central Full Text
• [44]Luxemburger C, McGready R, Kham A, Morison Cho T, Chongsuphajaisiddhi C, White NJ, Nosten F: Effects of malaria during pregnancy on infant mortality in area of low malaria transmission. Am J Epidemiol 2001, 154(5):459-465.
• [45]Eisele TP, Larsen DA, Anglewich PA, Keating J, Yukich J, Bennet A, Hutchinson P, Steketee RW: Malaria prevention in pregnancy, birthweight, and neonatal mortality: a meta-analysis of 32 national cross-sectional datasets in Africa. Lancet Infect Dis 2012, 12(12):942-949.
• [46]Begna Z, Assegid S, Kassahun W, Gerbab M: Determinants of inter birth interval among married women living in rural pastoral communities of southern Ethiopia: a case control study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2013, 13:116. http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2393/13/116 webcite BioMed Central Full Text
• [47]Ministry of Health Republic of Indonesia: Health Profile 2007. Jakarta: Ministry of Health, Republic of Indonesia; 2008.
• [48]Titaley CR, Dibley MJ, Roberts CL: Factors associated with under utilization of antenatal care services in Indonesia: result of Indonesia Demographic and health survey 2002/2003 and 2007. BMJ Public Health 2010, 10:485. BioMed Central Full Text
• [49]Titaley CR, Dibley MJ, Roberts CL: Factors associated with under utilization of postnatal care services in Indonesia. J Epidemiol Community Health 2009, 63(10):827-831. doi:10.1136/jech.2008.081604. Epub 2009 May 3
• [50]Johanson R, Richardson S, Spencer S, Rolfe P: Relative changes in neonatal body temperature: after birth and after a bath. Early Hum Dev 1989, 26:230-231.
• [51]Bergstrom A, Byaruhanga R, Okong P: The impact of newborn bathing on prevalence of neonatal hypothermia in Uganda; a rondomized controlled trial. Acta Paediatr 2005, 94:1462-1467.
• [52]Thairu L, Pelto G: Newborn care practices in Pemba Island (Tanzania and their implications for newborn health and survival. Matern child nutr 2008, 4:194-208.
• [53]Hill Z, Tawiah-Agyemang C, Manu A, Okyere E, Kirkwood BR: Keeping newborns warm: belief, practices and potential for behaviour change in rural Ghana. Trp Med Int Health 2010, 15:1118-1124.
• [54]Lawn JE, Mwansa-Kambafwile J, Horta BL, Barros FC, Cousens S: Kangaroo mother care’ to prevent neonatal deaths due to preterm birth complications. Int J Epidemiol 2010, 39(suppl 1):144-154.
• [55]Abebe F, Berhene Y, Girma B: Factors associated with home delivery in Bahirdar, Ethiopia: A case control study. BMC research notes 2012, 5:653. http://www.biomedcentral.com/1756-0500/5/653 webcite BioMed Central Full Text
• [56]Moyerm CA, Aborigo RA, Logonia G, Affah G, Rominski S, Adongo PB, Wiliams J, Hodgson A, Engmann C: Clean delivery practices in rural northern Ghana: a qualitative study of community and provider knowledge, attitude and beliefs. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2012, 12:50. http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2393/12/50 webcite BioMed Central Full Text
• [57]Wardhani DM, Wandita , Haksari EL: Risk factor of neonatal mortality of referred babies with birth weight of 1000- <2500 grams. Berkala ilmu kedokteran 2009, 41(3):143-151.
• [58]Golestan M, Fallah R, Karbasi SA: Neonatal mortality of low birth weight infants in Yazd, Iran. Iranian Journal of Reproductive Medicine 2008, 6(4):205-208.
• [59]Tachiweyika E, Notion G, Gerald S, Addmore C, Mufuta , Simukai Z: Determinant of perinatal mortality in Marondera district, Mashonaland East Province of Zimbabwe, 2009: a case controls. Pan Afr Med J 2011, 8(7):1-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3201615/pdf/pamj-8-7.pdf webcite
• [60]Arntzen AI, Mortensen L, Schnor O, Cnattingius S, Gissler N, Andersson AMN: Neonatal and postneonatal mortality by maternal education—a population-based study of trends in the Nordic countries, 1981–2000. Eur J Pub Health 2007, 18(3):245-251.
• [61]Tarannum S, Hyder SMZ: Pre-lacteal feeding practices in a rural area of Bangladesh, Working Paper No. 27, BRAC-ICDDR,B Joint Research Project Dhaka, Bangladesh. 1998. http://www.bracresearch.org/workingpapers/Working_Paper_27.pdf webcite
• [62]Gupta P, Vinod K, Srivastava J, Kumar V, Srivastava JP: Pre-lacteal feeding practices among newborn in urban slums of Lucknow city UP, India. Open Journal of Preventive Medicine 2012, 2(4):510-513. doi:10.4236/ojpm.2012.24070
• [63]Isenalumhe AE, Oviawe O: Prelacteal feeds and breast-feeding problems. The Indian Journal of Paediatrics 1987, 54(1):89-96.
• [64]Yeoun SK: Postpartum beliefs and practices among non-Western cultures. MCN Am J Matern Child Nurs 2003, 28:75-78.
• [65]Systematic scaling up of neonatal care in countries http://www.thelancet.com webciteMarch, 2005.http://www.who.int/maternal_child_adolescent/documents/pdfs/lancet_neonatal_survival_paper3.pdf webcite
• [66]Boerleider AW, Wiegers TA, Mannien J, Francke AL, Deville WLJM: Factors affecting the use of prenatal care by non western women in industrialized werstern countries: a systematic review. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2013., 13(81) http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2393/13/81 webcite
• [67]Alio AP, Lewis CA, Scarborough K, Harris K, Fiscella K: A community perspective on the role of fathers during pregnancy: a qualitative study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2013., 13(60) http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2393/13/60 webcite
• [68]Kwambai TK, Dellicour S, Desai M, Ameh CA, Person B, Achieng F, Mason L, Laserson KF, ter Kuile FO: Perspectives of men on antenatal and delivery care service utilization in rural western Kenya: a qualitative study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2013., 13(134) http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2393/13/134 webcite
• [69]Mcneil DA, Vekved M, Dolan SM, Siever J, Horn S, Tough SC: Getting more than they realized they needed: a qualitative study of women’s experience of group prenatal care. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2012., 12(17) http://www.biomedicalcentral.com/1471-2393/12/17 webcite
• [70]Shiferaw S, Spigt M, Goefrooij M, Melkamu Y, Tekie M: Why do women prefer home births in Ethiopia? BMC pregnancy and childbirth 2013., 13(5) http://ww.biomedicalcentral.com/1471-2393/13/5 webcite