Preclinical Alzheimer disease: identification of cases at risk among cognitively intact older individuals

BMC Medicine

Panteleimon Giannakopoulos¹  Constantin Bouras¹  Patrick R Hof²  Maciej J Lazarczyk¹ 

[1] Department of Mental Health and Psychiatry, University Hospitals of Geneva and Faculty of Medicine of the University of Geneva, 1225 Geneva, Switzerland;Fishberg Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA

关键词: dementia;    compensatory phenomena;    cognition;    cerebral amyloidosis;    asymptomatic;    Alzheimer disease;   

Others  :  857324
DOI  :  10.1186/1741-7015-10-127

 received in 2012-07-31, accepted in 2012-10-25,  发布年份 2012

【 摘 要 】

Since the first description of the case of Auguste Deter, presented in Tübingen in 1906 by Alois Alzheimer, there has been an exponential increase in our knowledge of the neuropathological, cellular, and molecular foundation of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The concept of AD pathogenesis has evolved from a static, binary view discriminating cognitive normality from dementia, towards a dynamic view that considers AD pathology as a long-lasting morbid process that takes place progressively over years, or even decades, before the first symptoms become apparent, and thus operating in a continuum between the two aforementioned extreme states. Several biomarkers have been proposed to predict AD-related cognitive decline, initially in cases with mild cognitive impairment, and more recently in cognitively intact individuals. These early markers define at-risk individuals thought to be in the preclinical phase of AD. However, the clinical relevance of this preclinical phase remains controversial. The fate of such individuals, who are cognitively intact, but positive for some early AD biomarkers, is currently uncertain at best. In this report, we advocate the point of view that although most of these preclinical cases will evolve to clinically overt AD, some appear to have efficient compensatory mechanisms and virtually never develop dementia. We critically review the currently available early AD markers, discuss their clinical relevance, and propose a novel classification of preclinical AD, designating these non-progressing cases as 'stable asymptomatic cerebral amyloidosis'.

【 授权许可】

   
2012 Lazarczyk et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

【 图 表 】

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