Low level maternal smoking and infant birthweight reduction: genetic contributions of GSTT1 and GSTM1 polymorphisms

BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth

Mark J Nieuwenhuijsen¹  Ruta Nadisauskiene³  Algimantas Paulauskas²  Regina Grazuleviciene²  Asta Danileviciute² 

[1] Center for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Parc de Recerca Biomedica de Barcelona – PRBB, Barcelona, Spain;Department of Environmental Sciences, Vytautas Magnus University, Donelaicio st. 58, 44248, Kaunas, Lithuania;Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Lithuanian University of Health Science, Kaunas, Lithuania

关键词: Interaction;    Smoking;    GST polymorphisms;    Birthweight;   

Others  :  1151420
DOI  :  10.1186/1471-2393-12-161

 received in 2012-06-27, accepted in 2012-12-19,  发布年份 2012

【 摘 要 】

Background

Genetic susceptibility to tobacco smoke might modify the effect of smoking on pregnancy outcomes.

Methods

We conducted a case–control study of 543 women who delivered singleton live births in Kaunas (Lithuania), examining the association between low-level tobacco smoke exposure (mean: 4.8 cigarettes/day) during pregnancy, GSTT1 and GSTM1 polymorphisms and birthweight of the infant. Multiple linear-regression analysis was performed adjusting for gestational age, maternal education, family status, body mass index, blood pressure, and parity. Subsequently, we tested for the interaction effect of maternal smoking, GSTT1 and GSTM1 genes polymorphisms with birthweight by adding all the product terms in the regression models.

Results

The findings suggested a birthweight reduction among light-smoking with the GSTT1–null genotype (−162.9 g, P = 0.041) and those with the GSTM1–null genotype (−118.7 g, P = 0.069). When a combination of these genotypes was considered, birthweight was significantly lower for infants of smoking women the carriers of the double-null genotypes (−311.2 g, P = 0.008). The interaction effect of maternal smoking, GSTM1 and GSTT1 genotypes was marginally significant on birthweight (−234.5 g, P = 0.078). Among non-smokers, genotype did not independently confer an adverse effect on infant birthweight.

Conclusions

The study shows the GSTT1–null genotype, either presents only one or both with GSTM1–null genotype in a single subject, have a modifying effect on birthweight among smoking women even though their smoking is low level. Our data also indicate that identification of the group of susceptible subjects should be based on both environmental exposure and gene polymorphism. Findings of this study add additional evidence on the interplay among two key GST genes and maternal smoking on birth weight of newborns.

【 授权许可】

   
2012 Danileviciute et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

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