Electromyographic analysis of masseter muscle in newborns during suction in breast, bottle or cup feeding

BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth

Luciane R Costa¹  Lucas C Aragão³  Cejana B Sousa²  Ellia CL França² 

[1] Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Goias, Goiania, GO, Brazil;Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Goiás, Goiania, GO, Brazil;Department of Neuropsychiatry, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil

关键词: Cup feeding;    Bottle feeding;    Breastfeeding;    Newborns;    Masseter muscle;    Electromyography;   

Others  :  1127383
DOI  :  10.1186/1471-2393-14-154

 received in 2013-11-13, accepted in 2014-04-26,  发布年份 2014

【 摘 要 】

Background

When breastfeeding is difficult or impossible during the neonatal period, an analysis of muscle activity can help determine the best method for substituting it to promote the child’s development. The aim of this study was to analyze the electrical activity of the masseter muscle using surface electromyography during suction in term newborns by comparing breastfeeding, bottle and cup feeding.

Methods

An observational, cross-sectional analytical study was carried out on healthy, clinically stable term infants, assigned to receive either breast, or bottle or cup feeding. Setting was a Baby Friendly accredited hospital. Muscle activity was analyzed when each infant showed interest in sucking using surface electromyography. Root mean square averages (RMS) recorded in microvolts were transformed into percentages (normalization) of the reference value. The three groups were compared by ANOVA; the “stepwise” method of the multiple linear regression analysis tested the model which best defined the activity of the masseter muscle in the sample at a significance level of 5%.

Results

Participants were 81 full term newborns (27 per group), from 2 to 28 days of life. RMS values were lower for bottle (mean 44.2%, SD 14.1) than breast feeding (mean 58.3%, SD 12.7) (P = 0.003, ANOVA); cup feeding (52.5%, SD 18.2%) was not significantly different (P > 0.05). For every gram of weight increase, RMS increased by 0.010 units.

Conclusions

Masseter activity was significantly higher in breastfed newborns than in bottle-fed newborns, who presented the lowest RMS values. Levels of masseter activity during cup-feeding were between those of breast and bottle feeding, and did not significantly differ from either group. This study in healthy full term neonates endorses cup rather than bottle feeding as a temporary substitute for breastfeeding.

【 授权许可】

   
2014 França et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

【 图 表 】

Figure 1.

Figure 2.

Figure 3.

Figure 4.

【 参考文献 】

• [1]World Health Organization: Global strategy for infant and young child feeding: the optimal duration of exclusive breastfeeding. In Fifty-fourth world health assembly. Edited by WHO Library. Geneva: WHO; 2003.
• [2]World Health Organization: United nations children’s fund: baby-friendly hospital initiative: revised, updated and expanded for integrated care. Geneva: WHO; 2009.
• [3]Ferla A, Silva AM, Corrêa EC: Electrical activity of the anterior temporal and masseter muscles in mouth and nasal breathing children. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol 2008, 74:588-595.
• [4]Limme M: The need of efficient chewing function in young children as prevention of dental malposition and malocclusion. Arch Pediatr 2010, 17:S213-S219.
• [5]Mizuno K, Ueda A: Changes in sucking performance from nonnutritive sucking to nutritive sucking during breast- and bottle-feeding. Pediatr Res 2006, 59:728-731.
• [6]Moimaz SAS, Zina LG, Saliba NA, Saliba O: Association between breast-feeding practices and sucking habits: a cross-sectional study of children in their first year of life. J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent 2008, 26:102-106.
• [7]Neiva FC, Cattoni DM, Ramos JL: Issler H: early weaning: implications to oral motor development. J Pediatr (Rio J) 2003, 79:7-12.
• [8]Peres KG, De Oliveira Latorre MR, Sheiham A, Peres MA, Victora CG, Barros FC: Social and biological early life influences on the prevalence of open bite in Brazilian 6-years-old. Int J Paediatr Dent 2007, 17:41-49.
• [9]Sanches MT: Clinical management of oral disorders in breastfeeding. J Pediatr (Rio J) 2004, 80:S155-S162.
• [10]Mizuno K, Fujimaki K, Sawada M: Sucking behavior at breast during the early newborn period affects later breast-feeding rate and duration of breast-feeding. Pediatr Int 2004, 46:15-20.
• [11]Nyqvist KH, Häggkvist AP, Hansen MN, Kylberg E, Frandsen AL, Maastrup R, Ezeonodo A, Hannula L, Haiek LN: Expansion of the baby-friendly hospital initiative ten steps to successful breastfeeding into neonatal intensive care: expert group recommendations. J Hum Lact 2013, 29:300-309.
• [12]Nyqvist KH: Ewald U: surface electromyography of facial muscles during natural and artificial feeding of infants: identification of differences between breast-, cup- and bottle- feeding. J Pediatr (Rio J) 2006, 82:85-86.
• [13]Vannuchi MT, Monteiro CA, Réa MF, Andrade SM, Matsuo T: The baby-friendly hospital initiative and breastfeeding in a neonatal unit. Rev Saude Publica 2004, 38:422-428.
• [14]Yilmaz G, Caylan N, Karacan CD, Bodur I, Gokcay G: Effect of cup feeding and bottle feeding on breastfeeding in late preterm infants: a randomized controlled study. J Hum Lact 2014, 1. Epub ahead of print
• [15]Huang YY, Gau ML, Huang CM, Lee JT: Supplementation with cup-feeding as a substitute for bottle-feeding to promote breastfeeding. Chang Gung Med J 2009, 32:423-431.
• [16]Collins CT, Makrides M, Gillis J, McPhee AJ: Avoidance of bottles during the establishment of breast feeds in preterm infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2008., 4CD005252
• [17]Collins CT, Ryan P, Crowther CA, McPhee AJ, Paterson S, Hiller JE: Effect of bottles, cups, and dummies on breast feeding in preterm infants: a randomized controlled trial. BMJ 2004, 329:193-198.
• [18]Gomes CF, Trezza EM, Murade EC, Padovani CR: Surface electromyography of facial muscles during natural and artificial feeding of infants. J Pediatr (Rio J) 2006, 82:103-109.
• [19]Medeiros AP, Ferreira JT, Felício CM: Correlation between feeding methods, non-nutritive sucking and orofacial behaviors. Pro Fono 2009, 21:315-319.
• [20]Kobayashi HM, Scavone H Jr, Ferreira RI, Garib DG: Relationship between breastfeeding duration and prevalence of posterior crossbite in the deciduous dentition. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2010, 137:54-58.
• [21]Inoue N, Sakashita R, Kamegai T: Reduction of masseter muscle activity in bottle-fed babies. Early Hum Dev 1995, 42:185-193.
• [22]Tamura Y, Horikawa Y, Yoshida S: Co-ordination of tongue movements and peri-oral muscle activities during nutritive sucking. Dev Med Child Neurol 1996, 38:503-510.
• [23]Armijo-Olivo L, Gadotti I, Kornerup MO, Lagrave’re MO, Flores-Mir C: Quality of reporting masticatory muscle electromyography in 2004: a systematic review. J Oral Rehabil 2007, 34:397-405.
• [24]Castroflorio T, Bracco P, Farina D: Surface electromyography in the assessment of jaw elevator muscles. J Oral Rehabil 2008, 35:638-645.
• [25]Suvinen TI, Malmberg J, Forster C, Kemppainen P: Postural and dynamic masseter and anterior temporalis muscle EMG repeatability in serial assessments. J Oral Rehabil 2009, 36:814-820.
• [26]Drost G, Stegeman DF, Van Engelen BGM, Zwarts MJ: Clinical applications of high-density surface EMG: a systematic review. J Electromyogr Kinesiol 2006, 16:586-602.
• [27]Sakashita R, Kamegai T, Inoue N: Masseter muscle activity in bottle feeding with the chewing type bottle teat: evidence from electromyographs. Early Hum Dev 1996, 45:83-92.
• [28]Tamura Y, Matsushita S, Shinoda K, Yoshida S: Developmental of perioral muscle activity during suckling in infants: a cross-sectional and follow-up study. Dev Med Child Neurol 1998, 40:344-348.
• [29]De Luca CJ, Adam A, Wotiz R, Gilmore LD, Nawab SH: Decomposition of surface EMG signals. J Neurophysiol 2006, 96:1646-1657.
• [30]Merletti R, Botter A, Troiano A, Merlo E, Minetto MA: Technology and instrumentation for detection and conditioning of the surface electromyographic signal: state of the art. Clin Biomech 2009, 24:122-134.
• [31]Ball N, Scurr J: An assessment of the reliability and standardisation of test, used to elicit reference muscular actions for electromyographical normalization. J Electromyogr Kinesiol 2010, 20:81-88.
• [32]Abouelfettoh AM, Dowling DA, Dabash SA, Elguindy SR, Seoud IA: Cup versus bottle feeding for hospitalized late preterm infants in Egypt: a quasi-experimental study. Int Breastfeed J 2008, 21:3-27.
• [33]Dowling DA, Meier PP, Difiore JM, Blatz MA, Martin RJ: Cup-feeding for preterm infants: mechanics and safety. J Hum Lact 2002, 18:13-20.
• [34]Carrascoza KC, Possobon RF, Tomita LM, Moraes ABA: Consequences of bottle-feeding to the oral facial development of initially breastfead children. J Pediatr (Rio J) 2006, 82:395-397.