Household transmission of respiratory viruses – assessment of viral, individual and household characteristics in a population study of healthy Australian adults

BMC Infectious Diseases

Jodie McVernon³  Terry Nolan³  Michael Greenberg⁴  Michael Lai⁴  Stephen B Lambert¹  Theo Sloots¹  Michael Nissen¹  Peter C Richmond²  Peter F Howard³  James M McCaw³ 

[1] Queensland Paediatric Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Queensland Children’s Medical Research Institute and Sir Albert Sakzewski Virus Research Centre, Queensland Children’s Health Services, University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia;School of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Western Australia & Telethon Institute for Child Health Research, Princess Margaret Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia;Murdoch Children’s Research Institute & Melbourne School of Population Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia;Clinical Research and Development, CSL Limited, Victoria, Australia

关键词: Respiratory tract infection;    Influenza vaccines;    Influenza, human;    Transmission;    Epidemiology;   

Others  :  1158722
DOI  :  10.1186/1471-2334-12-345

 received in 2012-08-01, accepted in 2012-12-06,  发布年份 2012

【 摘 要 】

Background

Household transmission of influenza-like illness (ILI) may vary with viral and demographic characteristics. We examined the effect of these factors in a population-based sample of adults with ILI.

Methods

We conducted a prospective cohort study in community-dwelling Australian adults nested within an influenza vaccine effectiveness trial. On presentation with ILI, participants were swabbed for a range of respiratory viruses and asked to return a questionnaire collecting details of household members with or without similar symptoms. We used logistic and Poisson regression to assess the key characteristics of household transmission.

Results

258 participants from multi-occupancy households experienced 279 ILI episodes and returned a questionnaire. Of these, 183 were the primary case in the household allowing assessment of factors associated with transmission. Transmission was significantly associated in univariate analyses with female sex (27% vs. 13%, risk ratio (RR) = 2.13 (1.08, 4.21)) and the presence of a child in the house (33% vs. 17%, RR = 1.90 (1.11, 3.26)). The secondary household attack proportion (SHAP) was 0.14, higher if influenza was isolated (RR = 2.1 (1.0, 4.5)). Vaccinated participants who nonetheless became infected with influenza had a higher SHAP (Incidence RR = 5.24 (2.17, 12.6)).

Conclusions

The increased SHAP in households of vaccinated participants who nonetheless had confirmed influenza infection supports the hypothesis that in years of vaccine mismatch, not only is influenza vaccine less protective for the vaccine recipient, but that the population’s immunity is also lower.

【 授权许可】

   
2012 McCaw et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

【 图 表 】

Figure 1.

Figure 2.

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