Pigmentary and photonic coloration mechanisms reveal taxonomic relationships of the Cattlehearts (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae: Parides)

BMC Evolutionary Biology

Doekele G Stavenga²  Natasja IJbema³  Bodo D Wilts¹ 

[1] Present address: Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratories, University of Cambridge, 13 JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK;Computational Physics, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen, NL-9747AG, The Netherlands;Present address: Accenture Nederland B.V, Gustav Mahlerplein 90, Amsterdam, NL-1082 MA, The Netherlands

关键词: Wing traits;    Scattering;    Phylogeny;    Papiliochrome;    Papilionidae;    Morphology;    Iridescence;   

Others  :  1118101
DOI  :  10.1186/s12862-014-0160-9

 received in 2014-04-02, accepted in 2014-07-14,  发布年份 2014

【 摘 要 】

Background

The colorful wing patterns of butterflies, a prime example of biodiversity, can change dramatically within closely related species. Wing pattern diversity is specifically present among papilionid butterflies. Whether a correlation between color and the evolution of these butterflies exists so far remained unsolved.

Results

We here investigate the Cattlehearts, Parides, a small Neotropical genus of papilionid butterflies with 36 members, the wings of which are marked by distinctly colored patches. By applying various physical techniques, we investigate the coloration toolkit of the wing scales. The wing scales contain two different, wavelength-selective absorbing pigments, causing pigmentary colorations. Scale ridges with multilayered lamellae, lumen multilayers or gyroid photonic crystals in the scale lumen create structural colors that are variously combined with these pigmentary colors.

Conclusions

The pigmentary and structural traits strongly correlate with the taxonomical distribution of Parides species. The experimental findings add crucial insight into the evolution of butterfly wing scales and show the importance of morphological parameter mapping for butterfly phylogenetics.

【 授权许可】

   
2014 Wilts et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

【 图 表 】

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