Tics are caused by alterations in prefrontal areas, thalamus and putamen, while changes in the cingulate gyrus reflect secondary compensatory mechanisms

BMC Neuroscience

Thomas Peschel⁴  Nils Bodammer²  Jörn Kaufmann³  Tino Prell¹  Julian Grosskreutz¹  Kirsten R Müller-Vahl⁴ 

[1] Department of Neurology, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany;Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Lentzeallee 94, Berlin 14195, Germany;Department of Neurology, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany;Clinic of Psychiatry, Socialpsychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Street 1, D-30625 Hannover, Germany

关键词: Cingulate gyrus;    Thalamus;    Putamen;    DTI;    Tourette syndrome;    Tic;   

Others  :  1131141
DOI  :  10.1186/1471-2202-15-6

 received in 2013-03-15, accepted in 2013-12-31,  发布年份 2014

【 摘 要 】

Background

Despite strong evidence that the pathophysiology of Tourette syndrome (TS) involves structural and functional disturbances of the basal ganglia and cortical frontal areas, findings from in vivo imaging studies have provided conflicting results. In this study we used whole brain diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to investigate the microstructural integrity of white matter pathways and brain tissue in 19 unmedicated, adult, male patients with TS “only” (without comorbid psychiatric disorders) and 20 age- and sex-matched control subjects.

Results

Compared to normal controls, TS patients showed a decrease in the fractional anisotropy index (FA) bilaterally in the medial frontal gyrus, the pars opercularis of the left inferior frontal gyrus, the middle occipital gyrus, the right cingulate gyrus, and the medial premotor cortex. Increased apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps were detected in the left cingulate gyrus, prefrontal areas, left precentral gyrus, and left putamen. There was a negative correlation between tic severity and FA values in the left superior frontal gyrus, medial frontal gyrus bilaterally, cingulate gyrus bilaterally, and ventral posterior lateral nucleus of the right thalamus, and a positive correlation in the body of the corpus callosum, left thalamus, right superior temporal gyrus, and left parahippocampal gyrus. There was also a positive correlation between regional ADC values and tic severity in the left cingulate gyrus, putamen bilaterally, medial frontal gyrus bilaterally, left precentral gyrus, and ventral anterior nucleus of the left thalamus.

Conclusions

Our results confirm prior studies suggesting that tics are caused by alterations in prefrontal areas, thalamus and putamen, while changes in the cingulate gyrus seem to reflect secondary compensatory mechanisms. Due to the study design, influences from comorbidities, gender, medication and age can be excluded.

【 授权许可】

   
2014 Müller-Vahl et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

【 图 表 】

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