Large proportion of genes in one cryptic WO prophage genome are actively and sex-specifically transcribed in a fig wasp species

BMC Genomics

Da-Wei Huang⁴  Jin-Hua Xiao¹  Guang-Chang Ma³  Li-Ming Niu³  Guan-Hong Wang² 

[1] Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China;Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou, Hainan, China;Plant Protection College, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China

关键词: Ankyrin-domain-containing protein;    Real-time quantitative PCR;    Reverse-transcription PCR;    Bacteriophage WO;    Defective prophage;   

Others  :  1128463
DOI  :  10.1186/1471-2164-15-893

 received in 2014-05-14, accepted in 2014-10-03,  发布年份 2014

【 摘 要 】

Background

Cryptic prophages are genetically defective in their induction and propagation, and are simply regarded as genetic remnants. There are several putative cryptic WO prophages in the sequenced Wolbachia genomes. Whether they are lytic is unclear and their functions are poorly understood. Only three open reading frames (ORFs) in cryptic WO prophages have been reported to be actively transcribed.

Results

In this study, we comprehensively examined the transcription of the only cryptic WO prophage (WOSol) in a Wolbachia strain that infects a fig wasp, Ceratosolen solmsi (Agaonidae, Chalcidoidea). By analyzing the transcriptions of all the ORFs of WOSol in both sexes of C. solmsi, using qualitative and quantitative methods, we demonstrated that i) a high percentage of ORFs are actively transcribed (59%, 17/29); ii) the expression of these ORFs is highly sex-specific, with a strong male bias (three in females and 15 in males); iii) an ank (ankyrin-domain-containing) gene actively transcribed in both wasp sexes is more highly expressed in males.

Conclusions

A large proportion of the genes in the cryptic WO prophage WOSol are expressed, which overturns the concept that cryptic prophages are simply genetically defective. The highly sex-specific expression patterns of these genes in the host suggest that they play important roles in Wolbachia biology and its reproductive manipulation of its insect host, particularly through the males.

【 授权许可】

   
2014 Wang et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

【 图 表 】

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