Infant gut microbiota and the hygiene hypothesis of allergic disease: impact of household pets and siblings on microbiota composition and diversity

Allergy, Asthma & Clinical Immunology

Meghan B Azad⁵  Theodore Konya³  Heather Maughan¹  David S Guttman¹  Catherine J Field⁴  Malcolm R Sears²  Allan B Becker⁶  James A Scott³  Anita L Kozyrskyj⁶  CHILD Study Investigators⁶ 

[1] Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada

[2] Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada

[3] Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada

[4] Agriculture, Food & Nutritional Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada

[5] Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, 3-527 Edmonton Clinic Health Academy 11405 – 87th Avenue, Edmonton, AB, T6G IC9, Canada

[6] Manitoba Institute of Child Health, Winnipeg, Canada

关键词: Environmental exposures;    Allergic disease;    Atopy;    Siblings;    Pets;    Microflora hypothesis;    Hygiene hypothesis;    Gut microbiome;    Gut microbiota;    Infants;   

Others  :  792322
DOI  :  10.1186/1710-1492-9-15

 received in 2012-11-05, accepted in 2013-03-07,  发布年份 2013

【 摘 要 】

Background

Multiple studies have demonstrated that early-life exposure to pets or siblings affords protection against allergic disease; these associations are commonly attributed to the “hygiene hypothesis”. Recently, low diversity of the infant gut microbiota has also been linked to allergic disease. In this study, we characterize the infant gut microbiota in relation to pets and siblings.

Methods

The study population comprised a small sub-sample of 24 healthy, full term infants from the Canadian Healthy Infant Longitudinal Development (CHILD) birth cohort. Mothers reported on household pets and siblings. Fecal samples were collected at 4 months of age, and microbiota composition was characterized by high-throughput signature gene sequencing.

Results

Microbiota richness and diversity tended to be increased in infants living with pets, whereas these measures were decreased in infants with older siblings. Infants living with pets exhibited under-representation of Bifidobacteriaceae and over-representation of Peptostreptococcaceae; infants with older siblings exhibited under-representation of Peptostreptococcaceae.

Conclusions

This study provides new evidence that exposure to pets and siblings may influence the early development of the gut microbiota, with potential implications for allergic disease. These two traditionally protective “hygiene hypothesis” factors appear to differentially impact gut microbiota composition and diversity, calling into question the clinical significance of these measures. Further research is required to confirm and expand these findings.

【 授权许可】

   
2013 Azad et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

【 图 表 】

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