How does a surgeon’s brain buzz? An EEG coherence study on the interaction between humans and robot

Behavioral and Brain Functions

Tommaso Bocci⁷  Carlo Moretto⁶  Silvia Tognazzi⁸  Lucia Briscese³  Megi Naraci³  Letizia Leocani⁴  Franco Mosca¹  Mauro Ferrari²  Ferdinando Sartucci⁵ 

[1] Division of General Surgery, Pisa University Medical School, Pisa, Italy

[2] Department of Vascular Surgery, Pisa University Medical School, Pisa, Italy

[3] Department of Neuroscience, Unit of Neurology, Pisa University Medical School, Pisa, Italy

[4] Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, Scientific Institute and University Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy

[5] Neuroscience Department, Neurology - Neurophysiology Units, Pisa University Medical School, Via Roma, n. 67, Pisa, I 56126, Italy

[6] Bariatric and Metabolic Surgical Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy

[7] Department of Neurological and Neurosensorial Sciences, Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology Section, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy

[8] Department of Neuroscience, Cisanello Neurology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy

关键词: Mirror neurons;    Pre-SMA;    SMA;    S1;    M1;    Interhemispheric coherence;    EEG coherence;    Da Vinci;    Laparoscopy;    Robotic surgery;   

Others  :  793555
DOI  :  10.1186/1744-9081-9-14

 received in 2012-10-02, accepted in 2013-02-26,  发布年份 2013

【 摘 要 】

Introduction

In humans, both primary and non-primary motor areas are involved in the control of voluntary movements. However, the dynamics of functional coupling among different motor areas have not been fully clarified yet. There is to date no research looking to the functional dynamics in the brain of surgeons working in laparoscopy compared with those trained and working in robotic surgery.

Experimental procedures

We enrolled 16 right-handed trained surgeons and assessed changes in intra- and inter-hemispheric EEG coherence with a 32-channels device during the same motor task with either a robotic or a laparoscopic approach. Estimates of auto and coherence spectra were calculated by a fast Fourier transform algorithm implemented on Matlab 5.3.

Results

We found increase of coherence in surgeons performing laparoscopy, especially in theta and lower alpha activity, in all experimental conditions (M1 vs. SMA, S1 vs. SMA, S1 vs. pre-SMA and M1 vs. S1; p < 0.001). Conversely, an increase in inter-hemispheric coherence in upper alpha and beta band was found in surgeons using the robotic procedure (right vs. left M1, right vs. left S1, right pre-SMA vs. left M1, left pre-SMA vs. right M1; p < 0.001).

Discussion

Our data provide a semi-quantitative evaluation of dynamics in functional coupling among different cortical areas in skilled surgeons performing laparoscopy or robotic surgery. These results suggest that motor and non-motor areas are differently activated and coordinated in surgeons performing the same task with different approaches. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that tried to assess semi-quantitative differences during the interaction between normal human brain and robotic devices.

【 授权许可】

   
2013 Bocci et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

【 图 表 】

Figure 1.

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