Semi-empirical study of ortho-cresol photo degradation in manganese-doped zinc oxide nanoparticles suspensions

Chemistry Central Journal

Tahereh Abdollahi¹  Santo Banerjee²  Majid Rezayi³  Kamyar Shameli⁴  Hossein Jahangirian⁴  Hamid Reza Fard Masoumi⁴  Abdul Halim Abdullah⁴  Azmi Zakaria¹  Yadollah Abdollahi¹ 

[1]Material Synthesis and Characterization Laboratory, Institute of Advanced Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

[2]Laboratory of Cryptography, Analysis and Structure, Institute for Mathematical Research, Universiti Putra Malaysia, and Department of Complexity and Network Dynamics International Science Association, Ankara, Turkey

[3]School of Chemical Sciences and Food Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor D.E, Malaysia

[4]Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

关键词: Photo catalyst;    Semi-empirical;    ANOVA;    Simulation;    RSM;    Modeling;    Optimization;    Mn-doped ZnO nanoparticles;    Photo degradation;   

Others  :  788088
DOI  :  10.1186/1752-153X-6-88

 received in 2012-06-02, accepted in 2012-07-31,  发布年份 2012

【 摘 要 】

The optimization processes of photo degradation are complicated and expensive when it is performed with traditional methods such as one variable at a time. In this research, the condition of ortho-cresol (o-cresol) photo degradation was optimized by using a semi empirical method. First of all, the experiments were designed with four effective factors including irradiation time, pH, photo catalyst’s amount, o-cresol concentration and photo degradation % as response by response surface methodology (RSM). The RSM used central composite design (CCD) method consists of 30 runs to obtain the actual responses. The actual responses were fitted with the second order algebraic polynomial equation to select a model (suggested model). The suggested model was validated by a few numbers of excellent statistical evidences in analysis of variance (ANOVA). The used evidences include high F-value (143.12), very low P-value (<0.0001), non-significant lack of fit, the determination coefficient (R² = 0.99) and the adequate precision (47.067). To visualize the optimum, the validated model simulated the condition of variables and response (photo degradation %) be using a few number of three dimensional plots (3D). To confirm the model, the optimums were performed in laboratory. The results of performed experiments were quite close to the predicted values. In conclusion, the study indicated that the model is successful to simulate the optimum condition of o-cresol photo degradation under visible-light irradiation by manganese doped ZnO nanoparticles.

【 授权许可】

   
2012 Abdollahi et al.; licensee Chemistry Central Ltd.

【 图 表 】

Figure 1.

Figure 2.

【 参考文献 】

• [1]Jo W, Shin M: Visible-light-activated photo catalysis of malodorous dimethyl disulphide using nitrogen-enhanced TiO2. Environ Technol 2010, 31:575-584.
• [2]Ngouyap Mouamfon MV, Li W, Lu S, Qiu Z, Chen N, Lin K: Photo degradation of sulphamethoxazole under UV-light irradiation at 254 nm. Environ Technol 2010, 31:489-494.
• [3]Poulios I, Aetopoulou I: Photo catalytic degradation of the textile dye reactive orange 16 in the presence of TiO2 suspensions. Environ Technol 1999, 20:479-487.
• [4]Tang W, Zhang Z, An H, Quintana M, Torres D: TiO2/UV photo degradation of azo dyes in aqueous solutions. Environ Technol 1997, 18:1-12.
• [5]Glaze W: Drinking-water treatment with ozone. Environ Sci Technol 1987, 21:224-230.
• [6]Litter MI: Heterogeneous photo catalysis: Transition metal ions in photo catalytic systems. Appl Catalo Environ 1999, 23:89-114.
• [7]Peiró AM, Ayllón JA, Peral J, Doménech X: TIO2-photocatalyzed degradation of phenol and ortho-substituted phenolic compounds. Appl Catal Environ 2001, 30:359-373.
• [8]Pardeshi SK, Patil AB: A simple route for photo catalytic degradation of phenol in aqueous zinc oxide suspension using solar energy. Solar Energy 2008, 82:700-705.
• [9]Dindar B, Içli S: Unusual photo reactivity of zinc oxide irradiated by concentrated sunlight. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry 2001, 140:263-268.
• [10]Sakthivel S, Neppolian B, Shankar M, Arabindoo B, Palanichamy M, Murugesan V: Solar photo catalytic degradation of azo dye: comparison of photo catalytic efficiency of ZnO and TiO2. Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 2003, 77:65-82.
• [11]Abdollahi Y, Abdullah AH, Zainal Z, Yusof NA: Photo degradation of p-cresol by Zinc Oxide under Visible Light. International Journal of Applied Science and Technology 2011, 1:99-105.
• [12]Abdollahi Y, Abdullah AH, Zainal Z, Yusof NA: Synthesis and characterization of Manganese doped ZnO nanoparticles. International Journal of Basic & Applied Sciences 2011, 11:62-69.
• [13]Abdel-Fattah YR, Saeed HM, Gohar YM, El-Baz MA: Improved production of Pseudomonas aeruginosa uricase by optimization of process parameters through statistical experimental designs. Process Biochem 2005, 40:1707-1714.
• [14]Bas D, Boyacı IH: Modeling and optimization I: Usability of response surface methodology. J Food Eng 2007, 78:836-845.
• [15]Lin Y, Ferronato C, Deng N, Wu F, Chovelon J-M: Photo catalytic degradation of methylparaben by TiO2: Multivariable experimental design and mechanism. Appl Catal Environ 2009, 88:32-41.
• [16]Sharma A, Rao P, Mathur RP, Ameta SC: Photo catalytic reactions of xylidine ponceau on semiconducting zinc oxide powder. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry 1995, 86:197-200.
• [17]Daneshvar , Aber S, Seyed Dorraji M, Khataee A, Rasoulifard M: Photo catalytic degradation of the insecticide diazinon in the presence of prepared nanocrystalline ZnO powders under irradiation of UV-C light. Sep Purif Technol 2007, 58:91-98.
• [18]Kansal SK, Singh M, Sud D: Studies on TiO2/ZnO photocatalysed degradation of lignin. J Hazard Mater 2008, 153:412-417.
• [19]Akyol A, Yatmaz HC, Bayramoglu M: Photo catalytic decolorization of Remazol Red RR in aqueous ZnO suspensions. Appl Catal Environ 2004, 54:19-24.
• [20]Abdollahi Y, Abdullah AH, Zainal Z, Yusof NA: Photo degradation of m-cresol by Zinc Oxide under Visible-light Irradiation. Int J Chem 2011, 3:31-43.
• [21]Lin Y, Ferronato C, Deng N, Wu F, Chovelon JM: Photo catalytic degradation of methylparaben by TiO2: Multivariable experimental design and mechanism. Appl Catal Environ 2009, 88:32-41.
• [22]Sin JC, Lam SM, Mohamed AR: Optimizing photo catalytic degradation of phenol by TiO 2/GAC using response surface methodology. Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering 2011, 28:84-92.
• [23]Cho IH, Zoh KD: Photo catalytic degradation of azo dye (Reactive Red 120) in TiO2/UV system: Optimization and modeling using a response surface methodology (RSM) based on the central composite design. Dyes Pigments 2007, 75:533-543.
• [24]YuGui T, LianBin Y, Jun P, YaoMing W, Bin T: Removal of Pb (II) from aqueous solution on chitosan/TiO2 hybrid film. J Hazard Mater 2009, 161:718-722.
• [25]Yeber MC, Soto C, Riveros R, Navarrete J, Vidal G: Optimization by factorial design of copper (II) and toxicity removal using a photo catalytic process with TiO2 as semiconductor. Chem Eng J 2009, 152:14-19.
• [26]Sakkas V, Calza P, Islam MA, Medana C, Baiocchi C, Panagiotou K, Albanis T: TiO2/H2O2 mediated photo catalytic transformation of UV filter 4-methylbenzylidene camphor (4-MBC) in aqueous phase: Statistical optimization and photoproduct analysis. Appl Catal Environ 2009, 90:526-534.
• [27]Montgomery DC: Design and analysis of experiments. United States, New York: John Wiley & Sons Inc; 2008.
• [28]Chen CS, Liu KJ, Lou YH, Shieh CJ: Optimization of kojic acid monolaurate synthesis with lipase PS from Pseudomonas cepacia. J Sci Food Agric 2002, 82:601-605.
• [29]Abdollahi Y, Abdullah A, Gaya U, Zainal Z, Yusof N: Enhanced photo degradation of o-cresol in aqueous Mn (1%)-doped ZnO suspensions. Environ Technol 2011, 33:1-7.
• [30]Liu HL, Chiou YR: Optimal decolorization efficiency of Reactive Red 239 by UV/TiO2 photo catalytic process coupled with response surface methodology. Chem Eng J 2005, 112:173-179.
• [31]Abdollahi Y, Abdullah AH, Zakaria A, Zainal Z, Masoumi HRF, Yusof NA: Photo degradation of p-cresol in Aqueous Mn (1%)-Doped ZnO Suspensions. Journal of Advanced Oxidation Technologies 2012, 15:146-152.
• [32]Konstantinou IK, Albanis TA: TiO2-assisted photo catalytic degradation of azo dyes in aqueous solution: kinetic and mechanistic investigations: A review. Appl Catal Environ 2004, 49:1-14.
• [33]Davis A, Huang C: Removal of phenols from water by a photo catalytic oxidation process. Water Sci Technol 1989, 21:455-464.
• [34]Lathasree S, Rao A, SivaSankar B, Sadasivam V, Rengaraj K: Heterogeneous photo catalytic mineralization of phenols in aqueous solutions. Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical 2004, 223:101-105.