BMC Biotechnology | |
Production of knockout mice by DNA microinjection of various CRISPR/Cas9 vectors into freeze-thawed fertilized oocytes | |
Yoshiko Nakagawa2  Tetsushi Sakuma1  Takuya Sakamoto1  Masaki Ohmuraya2  Naomi Nakagata2  Takashi Yamamoto1  | |
[1] Department of Mathematical and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan | |
[2] Center for Animal Resources and Development, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan | |
关键词: FokI-dCas9; Double-nicking; CRISPR/Cas9; Freeze-thawing; In vitro fertilization; Pronuclear microinjection; Knockout mouse; | |
Others : 1210254 DOI : 10.1186/s12896-015-0144-x |
|
received in 2015-01-09, accepted in 2015-04-17, 发布年份 2015 | |
【 摘 要 】
Background
Clustered regulatory interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9)-mediated genome editing permits the rapid production of genetically engineered mice. To make the most of this innovative technology, a streamlined procedure is needed for the robust construction of CRISPR/Cas9 vectors, the efficient preparation of mouse oocytes, and refined genotyping strategies. Although we previously demonstrated the applicability of oocyte cryopreservation technologies and various genotyping methods in the production of transcription activator-like effector nuclease-mediated genome editing in mice, it has not yet been clarified whether these techniques can be applied to the CRISPR/Cas9-mediated generation of knockout mice. In this study, we investigated easy, efficient, and robust methods of creating knockout mice using several CRISPR/Cas9 systems.
Results
We constructed three types of CRISPR/Cas9 vectors expressing: 1) single guide RNA (gRNA) and Cas9 nuclease, 2) two gRNAs and Cas9 nickase, and 3) two gRNAs and FokI-dCas9, targeting the same genomic locus. These vectors were directly microinjected into the pronucleus of freeze-thawed fertilized oocytes, and surviving oocytes were transferred to pseudopregnant ICR mice. Cas9 nuclease resulted in the highest mutation rates with the lowest birth rates, while Cas9 nickase resulted in the highest birth rates with the lowest mutation rates. FokI-dCas9 presented well-balanced mutation and birth rates. Furthermore, we constructed a single all-in-one FokI-dCas9 vector targeting two different genomic loci, and validated its efficacy by blastocyst analysis, resulting in highly efficient simultaneous targeted mutagenesis.
Conclusions
Our report offers several choices of researcher-friendly consolidated procedures for making CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout mice, with sophisticated construction systems for various types of CRISPR vectors, convenient preparation of in vitro fertilized or mated freeze-thawed oocytes, and an efficient method of mutant screening.
【 授权许可】
2015 Nakagawa et al.; licensee BioMed Central.
【 预 览 】
Files | Size | Format | View |
---|---|---|---|
20150605012137165.pdf | 2548KB | download | |
Figure 5. | 98KB | Image | download |
Figure 4. | 83KB | Image | download |
Figure 3. | 77KB | Image | download |
Figure 2. | 125KB | Image | download |
Figure 1. | 50KB | Image | download |
【 图 表 】
Figure 1.
Figure 2.
Figure 3.
Figure 4.
Figure 5.
【 参考文献 】
- [1]Collins FS, Rossant J, Wurst W. A mouse for all reasons. Cell. 2007; 128:9-13.
- [2]Aida T, Imahashi R, Tanaka K. Translating human genetics into mouse: the impact of ultra-rapid in vivo genome editing. Dev Growth Differ. 2014; 56:34-45.
- [3]Singh P, Schimenti JC, Bolcun-Filas E. A Mouse Geneticist’s Practical Guide to CRISPR Applications. Genetics. 2015; 199:1-15.
- [4]Fu Y, Foden JA, Khayter C, Maeder ML, Reyon D, Joung JK et al.. High-frequency off-target mutagenesis induced by CRISPR-Cas nucleases in human cells. Nat Biotechnol. 2013; 31:822-6.
- [5]Hsu PD, Scott DA, Weinstein JA, Ran FA, Konermann S, Agarwala V et al.. DNA targeting specificity of RNA-guided Cas9 nucleases. Nat Biotechnol. 2013; 31:827-32.
- [6]Pattanayak V, Lin S, Guilinger JP, Ma E, Doudna JA, Liu DR. High-throughput profiling of off-target DNA cleavage reveals RNA-programmed Cas9 nuclease specificity. Nat Biotechnol. 2013; 31:839-43.
- [7]Mashiko D, Fujihara Y, Satouh Y, Miyata H, Isotani A, Ikawa M. Generation of mutant mice by pronuclear injection of circular plasmid expressing Cas9 and single guided RNA. Sci Rep. 2013; 3:3355.
- [8]Hu X, Chang N, Wang X, Zhou F, Zhou X, Zhu X et al.. Heritable gene-targeting with gRNA/Cas9 in rats. Cell Res. 2013; 23:1322-5.
- [9]Mali P, Aach J, Stranges PB, Esvelt KM, Moosburner M, Kosuri S et al.. CAS9 transcriptional activators for target specificity screening and paired nickases for cooperative genome engineering. Nat Biotechnol. 2013; 31:833-8.
- [10]Ran FA, Hsu PD, Lin CY, Gootenberg JS, Konermann S, Trevino AE et al.. Double nicking by RNA-guided CRISPR Cas9 for enhanced genome editing specificity. Cell. 2013; 154:1380-9.
- [11]Cho SW, Kim S, Kim Y, Kweon J, Kim HS, Bae S et al.. Analysis of off-target effects of CRISPR/Cas-derived RNA-guided endonucleases and nickases. Genome Res. 2014; 24:132-41.
- [12]Fujii W, Onuma A, Sugiura K, Naito K. Efficient generation of genome-modified mice via offset-nicking by CRISPR/Cas system. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2014; 445:791-4.
- [13]Shen B, Zhang W, Zhang J, Zhou J, Wang J, Chen L et al.. Efficient genome modification by CRISPR-Cas9 nickase with minimal off-target effects. Nat Methods. 2014; 11:399-402.
- [14]Tsai SQ, Wyvekens N, Khayter C, Foden JA, Thapar V, Reyon D et al.. Dimeric CRISPR RNA-guided FokI nucleases for highly specific genome editing. Nat Biotechnol. 2014; 32:569-76.
- [15]Guilinger JP, Thompson DB, Liu DR. Fusion of catalytically inactive Cas9 to FokI nuclease improves the specificity of genome modification. Nat Biotechnol. 2014; 32:577-82.
- [16]Wang H, Yang H, Shivalila CS, Dawlaty MM, Cheng AW, Zhang F et al.. One-step generation of mice carrying mutations in multiple genes by CRISPR/Cas-mediated genome engineering. Cell. 2013; 153:910-8.
- [17]Zhou J, Wang J, Shen B, Chen L, Su Y, Yang J et al.. Dual sgRNAs facilitate CRISPR/Cas9-mediated mouse genome targeting. FEBS J. 2014; 281:1717-25.
- [18]Fujii W, Kawasaki K, Sugiura K, Naito K. Efficient generation of large-scale genome-modified mice using gRNA and CAS9 endonuclease. Nucleic Acids Res. 2013; 41: Article ID e187
- [19]Fujii W, Onuma A, Sugiura K, Naito K. One-step generation of phenotype-expressing triple-knockout mice with heritable mutated alleles by the CRISPR/Cas9 system. J Reprod Dev. 2014; 60:324-7.
- [20]Yasue A, Mitsui SN, Watanabe T, Sakuma T, Oyadomari S, Yamamoto T et al.. Highly efficient targeted mutagenesis in one-cell mouse embryos mediated by the TALEN and CRISPR/Cas systems. Sci Rep. 2014; 4:5705.
- [21]Li F, Cowley DO, Banner D, Holle E, Zhang L, Su L. Efficient genetic manipulation of the NOD-Rag1−/−IL2RgammaC-null mouse by combining in vitro fertilization and CRISPR/Cas9 technology. Sci Rep. 2014; 4:5290.
- [22]Mashiko D, Young SA, Muto M, Kato H, Nozawa K, Ogawa M et al.. Feasibility for a large scale mouse mutagenesis by injecting CRISPR/Cas plasmid into zygotes. Dev Growth Differ. 2014; 56:122-9.
- [23]Sakuma T, Nishikawa A, Kume S, Chayama K, Yamamoto T. Multiplex genome engineering in human cells using all-in-one CRISPR/Cas9 vector system. Sci Rep. 2014; 4:5400.
- [24]Nakagawa Y, Sakuma T, Nakagata N, Yamasaki S, Takeda N, Ohmuraya M et al.. Application of oocyte cryopreservation technology in TALEN-mediated mouse genome editing. Exp Anim. 2014; 63:349-55.
- [25]Nakagata N. Use of cryopreservation techniques of embryos and spermatozoa for production of transgenic (Tg) mice and for maintenance of Tg mouse lines. Lab Anim Sci. 1996; 46:236-8.
- [26]Keskintepe L, Agca Y, Pacholczyk GA, Machnicka A, Critser JK. Use of cryopreserved pronuclear embryos for the production of transgenic mice. Biol Reprod. 2001; 65:407-11.
- [27]Han Y, Slivano OJ, Christie CK, Cheng AW, Miano JM. CRISPR-Cas9 Genome Editing of a Single Regulatory Element Nearly Abolishes Target Gene Expression in Mice—Brief Report. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2015; 35:312-5.
- [28]Nakagawa Y, Yamamoto T, Suzuki K, Araki K, Takeda N, Ohmuraya M et al.. Screening methods to identify TALEN-mediated knockout mice. Exp Anim. 2014; 63:79-84.
- [29]Li D, Qiu Z, Shao Y, Chen Y, Guan Y, Liu M et al.. Heritable gene targeting in the mouse and rat using a CRISPR-Cas system. Nat Biotechnol. 2013; 31:681-3.
- [30]Horii T, Arai Y, Yamazaki M, Morita S, Kimura M, Itoh M et al.. Validation of microinjection methods for generating knockout mice by CRISPR/Cas-mediated genome engineering. Sci Rep. 2014; 4:4513.
- [31]Tsai SQ, Zheng Z, Nguyen NT, Liebers M, Topkar VV, Thapar V et al.. GUIDE-seq enables genome-wide profiling of off-target cleavage by CRISPR-Cas nucleases. Nat Biotechnol. 2015; 33:187-97.
- [32]Sakuma T, Ochiai H, Kaneko T, Mashimo T, Tokumasu D, Sakane Y et al.. Repeating pattern of non-RVD variations in DNA-binding modules enhances TALEN activity. Sci Rep. 2013; 3:3379.
- [33]Nakagata N, Takeo T, Fukumoto K, Kondo T, Haruguchi Y, Takeshita Y et al.. Applications of cryopreserved unfertilized mouse oocytes for in vitro fertilization. Cryobiology. 2013; 67:188-92.
- [34]Nakao K, Nakagata N, Katsuki M. Simple and efficient vitrification procedure for cryopreservation of mouse embryos. Exp Anim. 1997; 46:231-4.