Cancer incidence and mortality trends in Australian adolescents and young adults, 1982–2007

BMC Cancer

Kristjana Einarsdottir²  Cashel DJ Holman³  Gavin Pereira²  David B Preen³  Fatima A Haggar¹ 

[1]The Department of Surgery, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, The University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada

[2]Telethon Institute for Child Health Research, Centre for Child Health Research, The University of Western Australia, Subiaco, Australia

[3]School of Population Health, Centre for Health Services Research, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia

关键词: Population-based;    Trends;    Mortality;    Incidence;    Young adults;    Adolescents;    Epidemiology;    Cancer;   

Others  :  1080456
DOI  :  10.1186/1471-2407-12-151

 received in 2011-09-28, accepted in 2012-04-20,  发布年份 2012

【 摘 要 】

Background

Increasing incidence and lack of survival improvement in adolescents and young adults (AYAs) with cancer have led to increased awareness of the cancer burden in this population. The objective of this study was to describe overall and type-specific cancer incidence and mortality trends among AYAs in Western Australia from 1982–2007.

Methods

Age–adjusted incidence and mortality rates were calculated for all malignancies combined and for each of the most common diagnostic groups, using five-year age–specific rates. Joinpoint regression analysis was used to derive annual percentage changes (APC) for incidence and mortality rates.

Results

The annual incidence rate for all cancers combined increased in males from 1982 until 2000 (APC = 1.5%, 95%CI: 0.9%; 2.1%) and then plateaued, whilst rates for females remained stable across the study period (APC = −0.1%; 95%CI: −0.2%; 0.4%) across the study period. For males, significant incidence rate increases were observed for germ cell tumors, lymphoblastic leukemia and thyroid cancer. In females, the incidence of Hodgkin’s lymphoma, colorectal and breast cancers increased. Significant incidence rate reductions were noted for cervical, central nervous system and lung cancers. Mortality rates for all cancers combined decreased from 1982 to 2005 for both males (APC = −2.6%, 95%CI:−3.3%;−2.0%) and females (APC = −4.6%, 95%CI:−5.1%;−4.1%). With the exception of bone sarcoma and lung cancer in females, mortality rates for specific cancer types decreased significantly for both sexes during the study period.

Conclusions

Incidence of certain AYA cancers increased, whilst it decreased for others. Mortality rates decreased for most cancers, with the largest improvement observed for breast carcinomas. Further research is needed to identify the reasons for the increasing incidence of certain cancers.

【 授权许可】

   
2012 Haggar et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

【 图 表 】

Figure 1.

Figure 2.

Figure 3.

Figure 4.

【 参考文献 】

• [1]International Agency for Research on Cancer: GLOBOCAN 2008: Cancer Incidence and Mortality Worldwide in 2008. 2008.
• [2]Bleyer W, Barr R, Hayes-Lattin B, Thomas D, Ellis C, Anderson B: The distinctive biology of cancer in adolescents and young adults. Nat Rev Cancer 2008, 8(4):288-298.
• [3]Wu X, Groves F, McLaughlin C, Jemal A, Martin J, Chen A: Cancer incidence patterns among adolescents and young adults in the United States. Cancer Causes Control 2005, 16:309-320.
• [4]Bleyer A, Budd T, Montello M: Adolescents and young adults with cancer. Cancer 2006, 107(S7):1645-1655.
• [5]Jemal A, Bray F, Center M, Ferlay J, Ward E, Forman D: Global cancer statistics. CA Cancer J Clin 2011, 61(2):69-90.
• [6]Adolescent and Young Adult Oncology Progress Review Group Department of Health and Human Services National Institutes of Health National Cancer Institute Alliance LYA: Closing the Gap: Research and Care Imperatives for Adolescents and Young Adults with Cancer. In Report of the Adolescent and Young Adult Oncology Progress Review Group. National Cancer Institute, Bethesda; 2006.
• [7]SEER Adolescent Young Adult Site Recode [http://seer.cancer.gov/ayarecode/] webcite
• [8]Joinpoint Regression Program Version 3.4.3 [http://surveillance.cancer.gov/joinpoint/] webcite
• [9]Garner M, Turner M, Ghadirian P, Krewski D: Epidemiology of testicular cancer: an overview. Int J Cancer 2005, 116(3):331-339.
• [10]McGlynn KA, Cook MB: Etiologic factors in testicular germ-cell tumors. Future Oncol 2009, 5(9):1389-1402.
• [11]Cook M, Akre O, Forman D, Madigan M, Richiardi L, McGlynn K: A systematic review and meta-analysis of perinatal variables in relation to the risk of testicular cancer–experiences of the mother. Int J Epidemiol 2009, 38(6):1532-1542.
• [12]Richardson D: Exposure to ionizing radiation in adulthood and thyroid cancer incidence. Epidemiology 2009, 20(2):181-187.
• [13]Mueller N, Evans A, Harris N, Comstock G, Jellum E, Magnus K, Orentreich N, Polk B, Vogelman J: Hodgkin’s disease and Epstein-Barr Virus. NEJM 1989, 320(11):689-695.
• [14]Anders CK, Johnson R, Litton J, Phillips M, Bleyer A: Breast cancer before age 40 years. Semin Oncol 2009, 36(3):237-249.
• [15]National Tobacco Campaign [http://www.quitnow.gov.au] webcite
• [16]Devesa S, Bray F, Vizcaino A, Parkin D: International lung cancer trends by histologic type: Male:Female differences diminishing and adenocarcinoma rates rising. Int J Cancer 2005, 117(2):294-299.
• [17]Bray F, Weiderpass E: Lung cancer mortality trends in 36 European countries: secular trends and birth cohort patterns by sex and region 1970-2007. Int J Cancer 2010, 126(6):1454-1466.
• [18]Jemal A, Thun M, Ries L, Howe H, Weir H, Center M, Ward E, Wu X, Eheman C, Anderson R, et al.: Annual report to the nation on the status of cancer, 1975-2005, featuring trends in lung cancer, tobacco use, and tobacco control. J Natl Cancer Inst 2008, 100(23):1672-1694.
• [19]Danaei G, Vander Hoorn S, Lopez A, Murray C, Ezzati M: Causes of cancer in the world: comparative risk assessment of nine behavioural and environmental risk factor. Lancet 2005, 366:1784-1789.
• [20]Bleyer A, O’Leary M, Barr R, Ries LAG (Eds): Cancer Epidemiology in Older Adolescents and Young Adults 15 to 29 Years of Age, Including SEER Incidence and Survival: 1975-2000. National Cancer Institute, NIH Pub. No. 06-5767 Bethesda; 2006.
• [21]Schottenfeld D, Fraumeni JF (Eds): Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention. Third edn edition. Oxford University Press, Oxford; 2006.
• [22]Campbell P, Newcomb P, Gallinger S, Cotterchio M, McLaughlin J: Exogenous hormones and colorectal cancer risk in Canada: associations stratified by clinically defined familial risk of cancer. Cancer Causes Control 2007, 18(7):723-733.
• [23]Nichols H, Trentham-Dietz A, Hampton J, Newcomb P: Oral contraceptive use, reproductive factors, and colorectal cancer risk: findings from Wisconsin. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2005, 14(5):1212-1218.
• [24]Kabat G, Miller A, Rohan T: Oral contraceptive use, hormone replacement therapy, reproductive history and risk of colorectal cancer in women. Int J Cancer 2008, 122(3):643-646.
• [25]Hiatt R, Fireman B: The possible effect of increased surveillance on the incidence of malignant melanoma. Prev Med 1986, 15:652-660.
• [26]Whiteman D, Bray C, Siskind V, Green A, Hole D, Mackie R: Changes in the incidence of cutaneous melanoma in the west of Scotland and Queensland, Australia: hope for health promotion? Eur J Cancer Prev 2008, 17(3):243-250.
• [27]McDermid I, AIHW AACR NCSG: Cancer incidence projections, Australia 2002 to 2011. , Canberra; 2005.
• [28]Cancer Incidence by Age Group [http://dsol-smed.phac-aspc.gc.ca/dsol-smed/cancer/c_age-eng.php] webcite
• [29]SEER Cancer Statistics Review 1975-2007 [http:/ / seer.cancer.gov/ csr/ 1975_2007/ browse_csr.php?section=2&page=sect_ 02_table.07.html] webcite
• [30]CCO PHAC Canadian Cancer Society: Cancer Care Ontario: Cancer in Young Adults in Canada. In vol. 2008. Toronto; 2006.
• [31]De P, Ellison LF, Barr RD, Semenciw R, Marrett LD, Weir HK, Dryer D, Grunfeld E: Canadian adolescents and young adults with cancer: opportunity to improve coordination and level of care. Can Med Assoc J 2011, 183(3):E187-E194.
• [32]Gatta G, Zigon G, Capocaccia R, Coebergh J, Desandes E, Kaatsch P, Pastore G, Peris-Bonet R, Stiller C, the EUROCARE Working Group: Survival of European children and young adults with cancerdiagnosed 1995–2002. Eur J Cancer Prev 2009, 45:992-1005.
• [33]Pacini F, Castagna M, Brilli L, Pentheroudakis G, Group ObotEGW: Thyroid cancer: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Ann Oncol 2010, 21(suppl 5):v214-v219.
• [34]Cramer J, Fu P, Harth K, Margevicius S, Wilhelm S: Analysis of the rising incidence of thyroid cancer using the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results national cancer data registry. Surgery 2010, 148(6):1147-1145-1143.
• [35]Kilfoy B, Zheng T, Holford T, Han X, Ward M, Sjodin A, Zhang Y, Bai Y, Zhu C, Guo G, et al.: International patterns and trends in thyroid cancer incidence, 1973-2002. Cancer Causes Control 2009, 20(5):525-531.
• [36]Chia V, Quraishi S, Devesa S, Purdue M, Cook M, McGlynn K: International trends in the incidence of testicular cancer, 1973-2002. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2010, 19(5):1151-1159.
• [37]Lacerda H, Akre O, Merletti F, Richiardi L: Time trends in the incidence of testicular cancer in childhood and young adulthood. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2009, 18(7):2042-2045.
• [38]Bosetti C, Levi F, Lucchini F, Negri E, La Vecchia C: Lung cancer mortality in European women: recent trends and perspectives. Ann Oncol 2005, 16(10):1597-1604.
• [39]Levi F, Bosetti C, Fernandez E, Hill C, Lucchini F, Negri E, La Vecchia C: Trends in lung cancer among young European women: the rising epidemic in France and Spain. Int J Cancer 2007, 121(2):462-465.
• [40]Rivera M: Lung cancer in women: the differences in epidemiology, biology and treatment outcomes. Expert Rev Respir Med 2009, 3(6):627-634.
• [41]Egleston B, Meireles S, Flieder D, Clapper M: Population-based trends in lung cancer incidence in women. Semin Oncol 2009, 36(6):506-515.
• [42]Bray F, Loos AH, McCarron P, Weiderpass E, Arbyn M, Moller H, Hakama M, Parkin D: Trends in cervical squamous cell carcinoma incidence in 13 European countries: changing risk and the effects of screening. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2005, 14(3):677-686.
• [43]Mathew A, George P: Trends in incidence and mortality rates of squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of cervix–worldwide. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2009, 10(4):645-650.
• [44]Llorca J, Rodriguez-Cundin P, Dierssen-Sotos T, Prieto-Salceda D: Cervical cancer mortality is increasing in Spanish women younger than 50. Cancer Lett 2006, 240(1):36-40.
• [45]Vizcaino A, Moreno V, Bosch F, Munoz N, Barros-Dios X, Borras J, Parkin D: International trends in incidence of cervical cancer: II. Squamous-cell carcinoma. Int J Cancer 2000, 89(2):429-435.
• [46]Holman C, Bass J, Rouse I, Hobbs M: Population-based linkage of health records in Western Australia: development of a health services research linked database. Aust N Z J Public Health 1999, 23(5):453-459.