Heavy metals health risk assessment for population via consumption of food crops and fruits in Owerri, South Eastern, Nigeria

Chemistry Central Journal

Onyinyechi Bede³  Daniel Onyekachi Dike³  Cecilia Nwadiuto Amadi¹  John Kanayochukwu Nduka²  Orish Ebere Orisakwe¹ 

[1]Toxicology Unit, Clinical Pharmacy Faculty of Pharmacy University of PortHacourt Rivers State Nigeria, PortHacourt, Nigeria

[2]Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology Research Unit, Pure and Industrial Chemistry Department, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nnewi, Awka Anambra State, Nigeria

[3]Deartment of Medical Lab Science, Faculty of Science, Rivers State University of Science and Technology, PortHacourt, Rivers State, Nigeria

关键词: Risk assessment;    Dietary intake;    Toxicity;    Food crops;    Heavy metal;   

Others  :  788099
DOI  :  10.1186/1752-153X-6-77

 received in 2012-03-30, accepted in 2012-07-09,  发布年份 2012

【 摘 要 】

Background

This study assessed lead, cadmium, and nickel level in food crops, fruits and soil samples from Ohaji and Umuagwo and Owerri in South Eastern Nigeria and estimated the potential health risks of metals. Samples were washed, oven-dried at 70–80°C for 24 h and powdered. Samples were digested with perchloric acid and nitric acid. Metals were analysed with Unicam Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer.

Result

The concentration of Pb, Cd, and Ni in Ohaji exceeded the maximum allowable concentrations for agricultural soil as recommended by EU. Lead, Cd, and Ni in the food crops were highest in Oryza sativa, Glycine max, and Pentabacta microfila respectively. Highest levels of Pb, Cd, and Ni, in fruits were detected in Canarium schweinfurthii, Citrus reticulata, Ananas comosus respectively. The true lead and cadmium intake for the rice based meal were 3.53 and 0.034 g/kg respectively. Whereas the true intake of lead and cadmium for the cassava based meal were 19.42 and 0.049 g/kg respectively.

Conclusion

Local food stuff commonly available in South Eastern Nigeria villages may contribute to the body burden of heavy metal. This is of public health importance.

【 授权许可】

   
2012 Orisakwe et al.; licensee Chemistry Central Ltd.

【 参考文献 】

• [1]Zukowska J, Biziuk M: Methodological Evaluation of Method for Dietary Heavy Metal Intake. J Food Sci 2008, 73(2):R21-R29.
• [2]Arora M, Kiran B, Rani S, Rani A, Kaur B, Mittal N: Heavy metal accumulation in vegetables irrigated with water from different sources. Food Chem 2008, 11:811-815.
• [3]Gidlow DA: Lead toxicity. Occupational Medicine (Lond) 2004, 54(2):76-81.
• [4]Ge KY: The status of nutrient and meal of Chinese in the. Beijing People’s Hygiene Press 1990, 1992:415-434.
• [5]Wang X, Sato T, Xing B, Tao S: Health risks of heavy metals to the general public in Tianjin, China via consumption of vegetables and fish. Sci Total Environ 2005, 350:28-37.
• [6]Parkhurst DF: Arithmetic versus geometric means for environmental concentration data. Environ Sci Technol 1998, 32:92A-98A.
• [7]Akpokodje G, Lançon F, Erenstein O: Nigeria’s Rice Economy: State of the Art West Africa Rice Development Association (WARDA) Bouake, Côte d’Ivoire. 2007. p10
• [8]Inter-réseaux,: Staple Crop Production and Consumption: Nigeria on the Way to Food Self-Sufficiency. Grain de sel 2010, 51:10-12.
• [9]Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR): Toxicological profile for Lead. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service; 2007.
• [10]Anita S, Rajesh KS, Madhoolika A, Fiona MM: Health risk assessment of heavy metals via dietary intake of foodstuffs from the wastewater irrigated site of a dry tropical area of India. Food Chemical Toxicology 2010, 48:611-619.
• [11]Khairiah J, Ding-Woei Y, Habibah J, Ahmed-Mahir R, Aminah A, Ismail BS: Concentration of heavy metals in guava plant parts and soil in the Sungai Wangi Plantation, Perak, Malaysia. International Journal Agriculture Research 2009, 4:310-316.
• [12]Liu WH, Zhao JZ, Ouyang ZY, Soderlund L, Liu GH: Impacts of sewage irrigation on heavy metals distribution and contamination. Environ Int 2005, 31:805-812.
• [13]Muchuweti M, Birkett JW, Chinyanga E, Zvauya R, Scrimshaw MD, Lester JN: Heavy metal content of vegetables irrigated with mixture of wastewater and sewage sludge in Zimbabwe: implications for human health. Agriculture Ecosystem Environment 2006, 112:41-48.
• [14]Apostoli P: Elements in environmental and occupational medicine. J Chromatogr B 2002, 778(1):63-97.
• [15]Christensen OB, Moller H: External and internal exposure to the antigen in the hand eczema of nickel allergy. Contact Dermatitis 1975, 1:136-141.
• [16]Abeck D, Traenckner I, Steinkraus V, Vieluf D, Ring J: Chronic urticaria due to nickel intake. Acta Dermatology Venereology 1993, 73:438-439.
• [17]Ysart G, Miller P, Crews H, Robb P, Baxter M, De L'Argy C, et al.: Dietary exposure estimates of 30 elements from the UK Total Diet Study. Food Additives and Contaminants 1999, 16(9):391-403.
• [18]Varo P, Koivistonen P: Mineral composition of Finnish foods XII. General discussion and nutritional evaluation. Acta Agricultura Scandinavica 1980, S22:165-170.
• [19]Nielsen FH: Fluoride, vanadium, nickel, arsenic and silicon in total parenteral nutrition. Bulletine New York Academy Medicine. 1984, 60:177-195.
• [20]Dabeka RW, MacKenzie AD: Survey of lead, cadmium, fluoride, nickel and cobalt in food composites and estimations of dietary intakes of these elements by Canadians in 1986–88. J AOAC Int 1995, 78:897-909.
• [21]Orisakwe OE, Asomugha R, Obi E, Afonne OJ, Anisi CN, Dioka CE: Impact of effluents from car battery manufacturing plant on water, soil and food qualities in Nnewi, Nigeria. Archives Environment Health 2004, 59(1):31-36.
• [22]Johansen P, Pars T, Bjerregaard P: Lead, cadmium, mercury, and selenium intake by Greenlanders from local marine food. Sci Total Environ 2000, 245:187-194.
• [23]Health and Welfare Canada: Lead and human health. Ottawa: Health Protection Branch; 1989.
• [24]FAO/WHO: Evaluation of certain food additives and contaminants. Rome, Italy: WHO Technical Report Series; 1989. No. 776
• [25]FAO/WHO: Fruit and vegetables for health. Kobe, Japan: Report of Joint FAO/WHO Workshop; 2004. 1–3 September 2004
• [26]Ganry J: Current status of fruits and vegetables production and consumption in Francophone African Countries - Potential impact on health. Yaounde, Cameroon: FAO-WHO Workshop; 2007. 23–26 October
• [27]Orisakwe OE: Environmental pollution and blood lead levels in Nigeria: Who is unexposed? Int J Occup Environ Heal 2009, 15(3):315-317.
• [28]Clean Air Initiative: Mobile sources - Sub-Saharan Africa; Group Report, Nigeria & Neighbors. 2007. Available on-line at:http://www.cleanairnet.org/ssa/1414/ propertyvalue-13627.html webcite
• [29]Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives Toxicological Evaluation of Certain Food Additives. ILSI Press International Life Sciences Institute: Washington. USA: DC; 1999.