期刊论文

【摘要】

In this review we propose that there are sex differences in how men and women enter onto the path that can lead to addiction. Males are more likely than females to engage in risky behaviors that include experimenting with drugs of abuse, and in susceptible individuals, they are drawn into the spiral that can eventually lead to addiction. Women and girls are more likely to begin taking drugs as self-medication to reduce stress or alleviate depression. For this reason women enter into the downward spiral further along the path to addiction, and so transition to addiction more rapidly. We propose that this sex difference is due, at least in part, to sex differences in the organization of the neural systems responsible for motivation and addiction. Additionally, we suggest that sex differences in these systems and their functioning are accentuated with addiction. In the current review we discuss historical, cultural, social and biological bases for sex differences in addiction with an emphasis on sex differences in the neurotransmitter systems that are implicated.

【授权许可】

2012 Becker et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

【预览】

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Biology of Sex Differences
Sex differences in the neural mechanisms mediating addiction: a new synthesis and hypothesis

Jill B Becker¹ Adam N Perry² Christel Westenbroek²
[1] Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
[2] Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
关键词: Heroin; Cocaine; Dynorphin; Norepinephrine; Acetylcholine; Dopamine; Addiction;
Others : 793552 DOI : 10.1186/2042-6410-3-14

received in 2012-01-10, accepted in 2012-06-07, 发布年份 2012
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