Behavioral changes following PCB 153 exposure in the Spontaneously Hypertensive rat – an animal model of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity disorder

Behavioral and Brain Functions

Espen Borgå Johansen³  Frode Fonnum⁵  Per L Lausund²  S Ivar Walaas⁵  Nora Elise Bærland⁴  Grete Wøien¹  Terje Sagvolden¹ 

[1] Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway

[2] The Norwegian Defense Research Establishment, Kjeller, Norway

[3] Oslo and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences, Oslo, Norway

[4] Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway

[5] Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway

关键词: Reinforcement;    Operant conditioning;    Behavior;    WKY;    SHR;    PCB;    ADHD;   

Others  :  792025
DOI  :  10.1186/1744-9081-10-1

 received in 2013-05-16, accepted in 2013-12-11,  发布年份 2014

【 摘 要 】

Background

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a behavioral disorder affecting 3-5% of children. Although ADHD is highly heritable, environmental factors like exposure during early development to various toxic substances like polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) may contribute to the prevalence. PCBs are a group of chemical industrial compounds with adverse effects on neurobiological and cognitive functioning, and may produce behavioral impairments that share significant similarities with ADHD. The present study examined the relation between exposure to PCB 153 and changes in ADHD-like behavior in an animal model of ADHD, the spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR/NCrl), and in Wistar Kyoto (WKY/NHsd) controls.

Methods

SHR/NCrl and WKY/NHsd, males and females, were orally given PCB 153 dissolved in corn oil at around postnatal day (PND) 8, 14, and 20 at a dosage of 1, 3 or 6 mg/kg bodyweight at each exposure. The control groups were orally administered corn oil only. The animals were behaviorally tested for exposure effects from PND 37 to 64 using an operant procedure.

Results

Exposure to PCB 153 was associated with pronounced and long-lasting behavioral changes in SHR/NCrl. Exposure effects in the SHR/NCrl depended on dose, where 1 mg/kg tended to reduce ADHD-like behaviors and produce opposite behavioral effects compared to 3 mg/kg and 6 mg/kg, especially in the females. In the WKY/NHsd controls and for the three doses tested, PCB 153 exposure produced a few specific behavioral changes only in males. The data suggest that PCB 153 exposure interacts with strain and sex, and also indicate a non-linear dose–response relation for the behaviors observed.

Conclusions

Exposure to PCB 153 seems to interact with several variables including strain, sex, dose, and time of testing. To the extent that the present findings can be generalized to humans, exposure effects of PCB 153 on ADHD behavior depends on amount of exposure, where high doses may aggravate ADHD symptoms in genetically vulnerable individuals. In normal controls, exposure may not constitute an environmental risk factor for developing the full range of ADHD symptoms, but can produce specific behavioral changes.

【 授权许可】

   
2014 Johansen et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

【 图 表 】

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