Evaluation of the content variation of anthraquinone glycosides in rhubarb by UPLC-PDA

Chemistry Central Journal

Peigen Xiao¹  Yong Peng¹  Chunnian He¹  Lijia Xu¹  Pei Ma¹  Zhe Wang² 

[1]Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, 151 Malianwa North Road, Beijing 100193, People’s Republic China

[2]School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Changchun University of Chinese medicine, Changchun People’s Republic China

关键词: Environmental factor;    Quantitative analysis;    Anthraquinone glycoside;    UPLC-PDA;    Rhubarb;   

Others  :  787824
DOI  :  10.1186/1752-153X-7-170

 received in 2013-04-25, accepted in 2013-08-27,  发布年份 2013

【 摘 要 】

Background

Rhubarb is an important Chinese medicinal herb with a long history of over 2000 years and has been commonly used as a laxative. It is the radix and rhizome of Rheum officinale Baill., R. palmatum L. and R. tanguticum Maxim, all of which are mainly distributed in a broad region in the Tibetan plateau. Anthraquinone glycosides are a series of major active ingredients found in all three species. They are key intermediates in the anthraquinone secondary metabolism and the sennnoside biosynthesis. The variation of the anthraquinone glycoside content in rhubarb in response to specific factors remains an attractive topic.

Results

A simple and sensitive Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography with Photo-Diode Array (UPLC-PDA) detector was developed for the simultaneous determination of six anthraquinone glycosides in rhubarb, i.e., aloeemodin-8-O-glucoside, rhein-8-O-glucoside, chrysophanol-1-O-glucoside, emodin-1-O-glucoside, chrysophanol-8-O-glucoside, emodin-8-O-glucoside. Twenty-seven batches from three species were submitted to the multi-component analysis. The results showed that the anthraquinone glycoside content varied significantly even within the same species. The results showed that the anthraquinone glycoside content varied significantly within the same species but not between different species. The PCA and content analysis results confirmed that the plant species has no obvious effect on the content variation. Neither was any significant correlation observed between the anthraquinone glycoside content and the geographic distribution of the rhubarb. Through correlational analysis, altitude was found to be the main factor that affects the anthraquinone glycoside content in rhubarb. Rhubarb grown at higher altitude has higher anthraquinone glycoside content.

Conclusions

This work provides a rapid, sensitive and accurate UPLC-PDA method for the simultaneous determination of six anthraquinone glycosides in rhubarb. The anthraquinone glycoside content varied significantly within the same species. The relationship of the anthraquinone glycoside content with plant species, geographic distribution and altitude were studied using correlational analysis, principal component analysis and spatial autocorrelation analysis through SPSS and ArcGIS. Plant species and geographic distribution were found not to affect the content of the six anthraquinone glycosides in rhubarb. The variations in the anthraquinone glycoside content were primarily due to the different altitude where the plant was grown.

【 授权许可】

   
2013 Wang et al.; licensee Chemistry Central Ltd.

【 图 表 】

Figure 1.

Figure 2.

Figure 3.

Figure 4.

Figure 5.

【 参考文献 】

• [1]State Pharmacopoeia Committee: Pharmacopoeia of the People’s Republic of China. Beijing: Medical Science and Technology Press; 2012:22.
• [2]Li AR: Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae (Polygonaceae). Beijing: Science Press; 1998.
• [3]Zheng JH, Guo DA: Modern research on Rhubarb. Beijing: Peking University Medical Press; 2007:219-230.
• [4]Japanese Pharmacopoeia Editorial Committee: The Japanese Pharmacopoeia. Sixteenth edition. Toyko: Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare; 2011:1723.
• [5]Wang Z, Xu LJ, He CN, Peng Y, Xiao PG: Determination of anthraquinones and bianthrones in rhubarb from different sources by HPLC. Chin Tradit Herb Drugs 2011, 42:1114-1117.
• [6]Hartmann T: From waste products to ecochemicals: fifty years research of plant secondary metabolism. Phytochemistry 2007, 68:2831-2846.
• [7]Chang WT, Thissen U, Ehlert KA, Koek MM, Jellema RH, Hankemeier T, Greef JVD, Wang M: Effects of growth conditions and processing on Rehmannia glutinosa using fingerprint strategy. Planta Med 2006, 72:458-467.
• [8]Hancock JE, Loya WM, Giardina CP, Li LG, Chiang VL, Pregitzer KS: Plant growth, biomass partitioning and soil carbon formation in response to altered lignin biosynthesis in Populus tremuloides. New Phytologist 2007, 173:732-742.
• [9]Mohn T, Suter K, Hamburger M: Seasonal changes and effect of harvest on Glucosinolates in Isatis leaves. Planta Med 2008, 74:582-587.
• [10]Mcintyre KL, Harris CS, Saleem A, Beaulieu LP, Ta CA, Haddad PS, Arnason JT: Seasonal phytochemical variation of anti-glycation principles in Lowbush Blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium). Planta Med 2009, 75:286-292.
• [11]Yang ST, Li JH, Zhao YP, Chen BL, Fu CX: Harpagoside variation is positively correlated with temperature in Scrophularia nigpoensis Hemsl. J Agric Food Chem 2011, 59:1612-1621.
• [12]Gao XY, Jiang Y, Lu JQ, Tu PF: One single standard substance for the determination of multiple anthraquinone derivatives in rhubarb using high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection. J Chromatogr A 2009, 1216:2118-2123.
• [13]Ding MY, Ma SW, Liu DL: Simultaneous determination of Hydroxyanthraquinones in Rhubarb and experimental Animal bodies by high-performance liguid chromatography. Anal Sci 2003, 19:1163-1165.
• [14]Jiao Y, Zuo YG: Ultrasonic extraction and HPLC determination of anthraquinones, aloe-emodine, emodine, rheine, chrysophanol and physcione, in roots of Polygoni multiflori. Phytochem Anal 2009, 20:272-278.
• [15]Li L, Sun P, Feng CQ: Effects of climate factors on the contents of anthraquinones in Rheum tanguticum. Chin Pharm 2010, 43:4105-4107.
• [16]Li Y, Miao XL, Wu PA, Mi ZR, Wei SC, Li YF, Liu FL: Comparison of anthraquinone contents in different species and processed products of Rhubarb in different producing areas. Chin J Pharm Anal 2012, 32:2257-2261.
• [17]Li L, Sun P, Feng CQ: Comparison of the content of anthraquinone between cultivated and wild Rheum Palmatum. Lishizhen Medicine and Materia Medica Research 2010, 21:2251-2253.
• [18]Li JS, Liu JX, Liang SW, Zhao JM, Liu K, Wang MH: Effects of glucoside and aglycone parts of rhubarb on the metabolism of free radicals in rats with ischemic brain injury. Chin J Clin Rehabil 2004, 34:7748-7750.
• [19]Chen ZQ, Luan Y: Determination of Physcion-8-0-β-D-glucoside in Polygonum cuspidatum by HPLC. Chin Pharm 2009, 20:688-689.
• [20]Komatsu K, Nagayama Y, Tanaka K, Ling Y, Cai SQ, Omote T, Meselhy MR: Comparative study of chemical constituents of rhubarb from different origins. Chem Pharm Bull 2006, 54:1491-1499.
• [21]Ye M, Han J, Chen HB, Zheng JH, Guo DA: Analysis of phenolic compounds in rhubarbs using liguid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Am Soc Mass Spectrom 2007, 18:82-91.
• [22]Wang CJ, Zuo YG: Ultrasound-assisted hydrolysis and gas chromatography–mass spectrometric determination of phenolic compounds in cranberry products. Food Chem 2011, 128:562-568.
• [23]Zuo YG, Zhang LL, Wu JP, Johnathan WF, Suzanne M, Christopher R: Ultrasonic extraction and capillary gas chromatography determination of nicotine in pharmaceutical formulations. Anal Chim Acta 2004, 526:35-39.
• [24]Zhang XB, Zhou T, Guo LP, Huang LQ, Jiang WK, Ma CY: Volatile oil contents correlate with geographical distribution patterns of the Miao Ethnic herb Fructus Cinnamommi. Acta Ecologica Sinica 2011, 31:1-8.
• [25]Xie HL, Liu LM, LI B, Zhang XS: Spatial autocorrelation analysis of multi-scale land-use changes: a case study in Ongniud Banner, Inner Mongolia. Acta Geograhica Sinica 2006, 61:389-400.
• [26]Zhao XF, Huang XJ, Zhang XY, Lu RC, Li H: Evolution of Economic and COD, SO2, TPS emission gravity centres in Jiangsu Province. Resource and Enviroment in Yangtze Basin 2010, 19:225-230.
• [27]Haining R: Spatial Data Analysis: Theory and Practice. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2003.
• [28]Sokal RR, Oden NL: Spatial autocorrelation in biology: 1. Methodology. Biol J Linn Soc 1978, 10:199-228.
• [29]Zhang XB, Zhou T, Guo LP, Zhu SD, Huang LQ: Ecology suitability of Polygonum capitatum in Guizhou Province based on topographical conditions. Chinese Journal of Chinese Materia Medica 2011, 36:311-315.
• [30]Guy CL: Cold acclimation and freezing stress tolerance: role of protein metabolism. Annu Rev Plant Physiol Plant Mol Biol 1990, 41:187-223.
• [31]Liu ZM, Yang JD, Liu XM: Effects of several environmental factors on plant physiology in Qinghai-Xizang Plateau. Journal Desert Research 2000, 20:309-313.
• [32]Shi SB, Li HM, Wang XY, Yue XG, Xu WH, Chen GC: Comparative studies of photosynthetic characteristics in typical alpine plants of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. J Plant Ecol 2006, 30:40-46.
• [33]Ma YY, Xiao X, Zhang WN: Research progress of plants under cold stress. Journal of Agri Sci 2012, 40:7007-7008. 7099