Effect of gamma radiation and accelerated aging on the mechanical and thermal behavior of HDPE/HA nano-composites for bone tissue regeneration

BioMedical Engineering OnLine

Othman Y Alothman³  Fahad N Almajhdi²  H Fouad¹ 

[1] Biomedical Engineering Department, Helwan University, Faculty of Engineering, Helwan, Egypt

[2] Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

[3] Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

关键词: Gamma radiation;    Accelerated aging;    Mechanical;    DMA;    DSC;    Nano-composite;    HA;    HDPE;   

Others  :  797347
DOI  :  10.1186/1475-925X-12-95

 received in 2013-05-29, accepted in 2013-09-12,  发布年份 2013

【 摘 要 】

Background

The replacement of hard tissues demands biocompatible and sometimes bioactive materials with properties similar to those of bone. Nano-composites made of biocompatible polymers and bioactive inorganic nano particles such as HDPE/HA have attracted attention as permanent bone substitutes due to their excellent mechanical properties and biocompatibility.

Method

The HDPE/HA nano-composite is prepared using melt blending at different HA loading ratios. For evaluation of the degradation by radiation, gamma rays of 35 kGy, and 70 kGy were used to irradiate the samples at room temperature in vacuum. The effects of accelerated ageing after gamma irradiation on morphological, mechanical and thermal properties of HDPE/HA nano-composites were measured.

Results

In Vitro test results showed that the HDPE and all HDPE/HA nano-composites do not exhibit any cytotoxicity to WISH cell line. The results also indicated that the tensile properties of HDPE/HA nano-composite increased with increasing the HA content except fracture strain decreased. The dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) results showed that the storage and loss moduli increased with increasing the HA ratio and the testing frequency. Finally, it is remarked that all properties of HDPE/HA is dependent on the irradiation dose and accelerated aging.

Conclusion

Based on the experimental results, it is found that the addition of 10%, 20% and 30% HA increases the HDPE stiffness by 23%, 44 and 59% respectively. At the same time, the G’ increased from 2.25E11 MPa for neat HDPE to 4.7E11 MPa when 30% HA was added to the polymer matrix. Also, significant improvements in these properties have been observed due to irradiation. Finally, the overall properties of HDPE and its nano-composite properties significantly decreased due to aging and should be taken into consideration in the design of bone substitutes. It is attributed that the developed HDPE/HA nano-composites could be a good alternative material for bone tissue regeneration due to their acceptable properties.

【 授权许可】

   
2013 Alothman et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

【 图 表 】

Figure 1.

Figure 2.

Figure 3.

Figure 4.

Figure 5.

Figure 6.

Figure 7.

Figure 8.

Figure 9.

Figure 10.

Figure 11.

【 参考文献 】

• [1]Sahoo NG, Pan YZ, Li L, He CB: Nanocomposites for bone tissue regeneration. Nanomedicine 2013, 8:639-653.
• [2]Brydone AS, Meek D, Maclaine S: Bone grafting, orthopaedic biomaterials, and the clinical need for bone engineering. Proc Inst Mech Eng H J Eng Med 2010, 224:1329-1343.
• [3]Montasser D, Hassan FM, Jae-Kyoo L: A new approach for manufacturing a high porosity Ti-6Al-4V scaffolds for biomedical applications. J Mater Sci Technol 2008, 24:931-935.
• [4]Kelly A, Hideo N: Metallic scaffolds for bone regeneration. Materials 2009, 2:790-832.
• [5]Rezwan K, Chen QZ, Blaker JJ, Boccaccini AR: Biodegradable and bioactive porous polymer/inorganic composite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. Biomaterials 2006, 27:3413-3431.
• [6]Fouad H: Effects of the bone-plate material and the presence of a gap between the fractured bone and plate on the predicted stresses at the fractured bone. Med Eng Phys 2010, 32:783-789.
• [7]Fouad H: Assessment of function-graded materials as fracture fixation bone-plates under combined loading conditions using finite element modeling. Med Eng Phys 2011, 33:456-463.
• [8]Barone DTJ, Raquez JM, Dubois P: Bone-guided regeneration: from inert biomaterials to bioactive polymer (nano) composites. Polym Adv Technol 2011, 22:463-475.
• [9]Sun F, Zhou H, Lee J: Various preparation methods of highly porous hydroxyapatite/polymer nanoscale biocomposites for bone regeneration. Acta Biomater 2011, 7:3813-3828.
• [10]Bonfield W, Grynpas MD, Tully AE, Bowman J, Abram J: Hydroxyapatite reinforced polyethylene-a mechanically compatible implant material for bone replacement. Biomaterials 1981, 2:185-196.
• [11]Liming F, Yang L, Ping G: Processing of hydroxyapatite reinforced ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene for biomedical applications. Biomaterials 2005, 26:3471-3478.
• [12]Albano C, Cataño L, Figuera L, Perera R, Karam A, González G, Noris K: Evaluation of a composite based on high-density polyethylene filled with surface-treated hydroxyapatite. Polym Bull 2009, 62:45-55.
• [13]Sapuan SM, Mustapha F, Majid DL, Leman Z, Ariff AHM, Ariffin MKA, Zuhri MYM, Ishak MR, Sahari J: Effect of hydroxyapatite reinforced high density polyethylene composites on mechanical and bioactivity properties. Key Eng Mater 2011, 471–472:303-308.
• [14]Kai L, Sie CT: Preparation and mechanical and tribological properties of high-density polyethylene/hydroxyapatite nanocomposites. J. Macromol. Sci., Phys 2011, 50:1325-1337.
• [15]Pielichowska K, Blazewicz S: Bioactive polymer/hydroxyapatite (Nano)composites for bone tissue regeneration. Adv Polym Sci 2010, 232:97-207.
• [16]Tanner KE, Downes RN, Bonfield W: Clinical applications of hydroxyapatite reinforced materials. Br Ceram Trans 1994, 93:104-107.
• [17]Younesi M, Bahrololoom ME: Producing toughened PP/HA-LLDPE ternary bio-composite using a two-step blending method. Mater Des 2009, 30:4253-4259.
• [18]Albano C, Perera R, Cataño L, Karam A, González G: Prediction of mechanical properties of composites of HDPE/HA/EAA. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2011, 4:467-475.
• [19]Albano C, Karam A, Perera R, González G, Domínguez N, González J, Sánchez Y: HDPE/HA composites obtained in solution: effect of the gamma radiation. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms 2006, 247:331-341.
• [20]Wannomae KK, Christensen SD, Freiberg AA, Bhattacharyya S, Harris WH, Muratoglu OK: The effect of real-time aging on the oxidation and wear of highly cross-linked UHMWPE acetabular liners. Biomaterials 2006, 27:1980-1987.
• [21]Smolko E, Romero G: Studies on crosslinked hydroxyapatite- polyethylene composite as a bone-analogue material. Radiat Phys Chem 2007, 76:1414-1418.
• [22]Albano C, Karam A, Gonzalez G, Domınguez N, Sanchez Y, Manzo F, Guzman-Garcıa C: Effect of gamma irradiation on HDPE/HA (80:20) composites. Polym Adv Techno 2005, 16:283-285.
• [23]Jin-long L, Yuan-yuan Z, Qing-liang W, Shi-rong GE: Biotribological behavior of ultra high molecular weight polyethylene composites containing bovine bone hydroxyapatite. Journal of China University of Mining and Technology 2008, 18:606-612.
• [24]Fouad H, Elleithy R, Alothman OY: Thermo-mechanical, wear and fracture behavior of high-density polyethylene/hydroxyapatite nano composite for biomedical applications: effect of accelerated aging. J Mater Sci Technol 2013, 29:573-581.
• [25]ASTM D638-98: Standard test method for tensile properties of plastics. USA: PA; 1999. [Vol. 08.01, 1999 annual book of ASTM standards]
• [26]Premnath V, Bellare A, Merrill EW, Jasty M, Harris WH: Molecular rearrangements in ultra high molecular weight polyethylene after irradiation and long-term storage in air. Polymer 1999, 40:2215-2229.
• [27]William DM, Walter LD: Fine structure and immunofluorescent studies of the WISH cell line. In Vitro Cellular and Developmental Biology: Journal of the Tissue Culture Association 1986, 22:716-724.
• [28]Mourad A-H I, Fouad H, Elleithy R: Impact of some environmental conditions on the tensile, creep-recovery, relaxation, melting and crystallinity behaviour of UHMWPE-GUR 410-medical grade. Mater Des 2009, 30:4112-4119.
• [29]Fouad H: Effect of long-term natural aging on the thermal, mechanical, and viscoelastic behavior of biomedical grade of ultra high molecular weight polyethylene. J Appl Polym Sci 2010, 118:17-24.
• [30]Fouad H, Elleithy R: High density polyethylene/graphite nano-composites for total hip joint replacements; processing and in vitro characterization. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2011, 7:1376-1383.
• [31]Fouad H, Elleithy R, Al-Zahrani SM, Al-haj AM: Characterization and processing of high density polyethylene/carbon nano-composites. Mater Des 2011, 32:1974-1980.
• [32]Deshlpande S, Munoli A: Long-term results of high-density porous polyethylene implants in facial skeletal augmentation. An Indian perspective Indian Journal of Plastic Surgery 2010, 43:34-39.
• [33]Li CY: Polymer single crystal meets nanoparticles. J Polym Sci B 2009, 47:2436-2440.