Basic surface-active properties in the homologous series of β-alkyl (C12H25/C18H37) polyethyleneoxy (n = 0-20) propionamides

Chemistry Central Journal

Adrian Riviş¹  Gabriel Bujanca¹  Teodor Traşcă¹ 

[1] Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Processing Technology, Banat’s University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Calea Aradului 119, Timişoara, 300645, Romania

关键词: Critical micelle concentration;    Hydrophilic-hydrophobic balance;    Higher aliphatic amides;    Colloidal characteristics;    Polyethoxylated amides;    β-substituted higher propionamides;   

Others  :  787961
DOI  :  10.1186/1752-153X-7-31

 received in 2012-10-29, accepted in 2013-02-05,  发布年份 2013

【 摘 要 】

Background

Heterogeneous β-Alkyl (C₁₂H₂₅/C₁₈H₃₇) polyethyleneoxy (n = 0-20) propionamides [R(EO)_nPD] represent new “hybrid” nonionic-ionic colloidal structures in the field of surface-active products (technical products). These “niche” compounds have three structural and compositional characteristics that also define their basic colloidal properties: mixture of R and PEO chain homologues; specific conformations due to the PEO chains; and the presence of side products from the addition of higher alcohols, polyethyleneglycols and traces of water to acrylamide. The proposed major objective of this paper is the basic informative colloidal characterization (functional classification, HLB balance, surface tension, critical micelle concentration) in direct correlation with the structural changes in the homologous series of LM(EO)_nPD and CS(EO)_nPD. The structures were obtained either indirectly by cyanoethylation followed by partial acid hydrolysis of the corresponding β-propionitriles, or directly by the nucleophilic addition under alkaline catalysis of linear higher alcohols C₁₂H₂₅/C₁₄H₂₉ (7/3) (LM) and C₁₆H₃₃/C₁₈H₃₇ (CS) as such and heterogeneous polyethoxylated (n = 3-20) to acrylamide monomer, through an adapted classic reaction scheme.

Results

In the series of basic colloidal characteristics investigated the structure-surface activity dependence is confirmed. Their indicative character for R(EO)_nPD is based on the assumption that the structures studied are not unitary (heterogeneous) because: a) the hydrophobic chains C₁₂H₂₅/C₁₈H₃₇ have been grouped in two variants, C₁₂H₂₅/C₁₄H₂₉ (LM); C₁₆H₃₃/C₁₈H₃₇ (CS), each with an internal mass ratio of 7/3; b) the hydrophilic polyoxyethylene chains (n = 3-20) have polydisperse character; the meaning and value the oligomerization degree, n, is that of weighted average. In these conditions the surface tension increases proportionally with the oligomerization degree of the polyoxyethylene chain, while the critical micelle concentration decreases in the same homologous series as well as with the increase of the hydrophobic chain in the C₁₂H₂₅ to C₁₈H₃₇ series. A mechanism of micellization is proposed, consistent with the experimental data recorded and the hypotheses known from the consulted literature.

Conclusions

The idea of the obtaining and basic colloidal characterization of heterogeneous R(EO)_nPD is justified. The knowledge and constructive approach of the heterogeneous character confirm the basic surface-active potential of R(EO)_nPD, the structure-colloidal characteristics dependence and justifies further, more extensive research.

【 授权许可】

   
2013 Riviş et al.; licensee Chemistry Central Ltd.

【 图 表 】

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