The gender, age and risk factor distribution differs in self-reported allergic and non-allergic rhinitis: a cross-sectional population-based study

Allergy, Asthma & Clinical Immunology

Lucia Cazzoletti⁵  Marcello Ferrari⁸  Mario Olivieri²  Giuseppe Verlato⁵  Leonardo Antonicelli⁷  Roberto Bono⁶  Lucio Casali¹  Isa Cerveri³  Pierpaolo Marchetti⁵  Pietro Pirina⁹  Andrea Rossi⁸  Simona Villani⁴  Roberto de Marco⁵ 

[1] Unit of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy

[2] Unit of Occupational Medicine, University Hospital of Verona, Verona, Italy

[3] Division of Respiratory Diseases, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico “San Matteo” Hospital Foundation, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy

[4] Unit of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy

[5] Unit of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, c/o Istituti Biologici II, Strada Le Grazie 8, Verona, 37134, Italy

[6] Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Turin, Turin, Italy

[7] Allergy Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti, Ancona, Italy

[8] Unit of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy

[9] Institute of Respiratory Diseases, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy

关键词: Environmental exposures;    Non allergic rhinitis;    Multilevel model;    Elderly subjects;    Allergic rhinitis;   

Others  :  1234728
DOI  :  10.1186/s13223-015-0101-1

 received in 2015-07-17, accepted in 2015-10-21,  发布年份 2015

【 摘 要 】

Background

Few population-based studies have assessed the prevalence and the risk factors of non-allergic rhinitis (NAR) in comparison to allergic rhinitis (AR). Moreover, epidemiologic data on rhinitis in the elderly subjects and in southern Europe are scarce.

Objective

This study aimed at estimating the prevalence and at comparing the risk factor distribution of AR and NAR in a general population sample aged 20–84 years in Italy.

Methods

A questionnaire on respiratory symptoms and risk factors was administered to random samples of the Italian population aged 20–44 (n = 10,494) 45–64 (n = 2167) and 65–84 (n = 1030) in the frame of the Gene Environment Interactions in Respiratory Diseases (GEIRD) study. Current AR and NAR were defined according to the self-reported presence of nasal allergies or of nasal symptoms without a cold or the flu.

Results

NAR showed a significant descending pattern in females from 12.0 % (95 % CI 11.1, 13.1) in the 20–44 year age class, to 7.5 % (5.4, 10.3) in the 65–84 year age class (p = 0.0009), and a roughly stable pattern in males, from 10.2 % (9.3, 11.2) to 11.1 % (8.4, 13.9) (p = 0.5261). AR decreased from 26.6 % (25.7, 27.6) in 20–44 years age class to 15.6 % (13.3, 18.0) in the 65–84 years age class (p < 0.0001), without gender difference. Subjects living near industrial plants and ex- and current smokers had a higher risk of NAR. Current smokers had a lower risk and subjects living in a Mediterranean climate a higher risk of AR.

Conclusion

AR and NAR are fairly distinct conditions, as they have a different age, gender and risk factor distribution.

【 授权许可】

   
2015 Cazzoletti et al.

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