Representation mutations from standard genetic codes

Indonesian Operations Research Association - International Conference on Operations Research 2017

Aisah, I.^1 ; Suyudi, M.^1 ; Carnia, E.^1 ; Suhendi^1 ; Supriatna, A.K.^1

Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran Bandung, Indonesia^1

关键词: Algebraic structures;    Codon;    Geometric representation;    Graph;    Model problems;    Nitrogen basis;    Protein synthesis;    Three dimensional space;   

Others  :  https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1757-899X/332/1/012026/pdf
DOI  :  10.1088/1757-899X/332/1/012026

来源: IOP

【 摘 要 】

Graph is widely used in everyday life especially to describe model problem and describe it concretely and clearly. In addition graph is also used to facilitate solve various kinds of problems that are difficult to be solved by calculation. In Biology, graph can be used to describe the process of protein synthesis in DNA. Protein has an important role for DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) or RNA (ribonucleic acid). Proteins are composed of amino acids. In this study, amino acids are related to genetics, especially the genetic code. The genetic code is also known as the triplet or codon code which is a three-letter arrangement of DNA nitrogen base. The bases are adenine (A), thymine (T), guanine (G) and cytosine (C). While on RNA thymine (T) is replaced with Urasil (U). The set of all Nitrogen bases in RNA is denoted by N = {C U, A, G}. This codon works at the time of protein synthesis inside the cell. This codon also encodes the stop signal as a sign of the stop of protein synthesis process. This paper will examine the process of protein synthesis through mathematical studies and present it in three-dimensional space or graph. The study begins by analysing the set of all codons denoted by NNN such that to obtain geometric representations. At this stage there is a matching between the sets of all nitrogen bases N with Z2× Z2; . By matching the algebraic structure will be obtained such as group, group Klein-4,Quotien group etc. With the help of Geogebra software, the set of all codons denoted by NNN can be presented in a three-dimensional space as a multicube NNN and also can be represented as a graph, so that can easily see relationship between the codon.