Faded-example as a Tool to Acquire and Automate Mathematics Knowledge

3rd International Conference on Mathematics, Science and Education 2016

数学;自然科学;教育

Retnowati, E.^1

Department of Mathematics Education, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta, Indonesia^1

关键词: Computational learning;    Critical factors;    Degree of complexity;    Instructional strategy;    Learning materials;    Prior knowledge;    Problem solvers;    Smooth transitions;   

Others  :  https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1742-6596/824/1/012054/pdf
DOI  :  10.1088/1742-6596/824/1/012054

来源: IOP

【 摘 要 】

Students themselves accomplish Knowledge acquisition and automation. The teacher plays a role as the facilitator by creating mathematics tasks that assist students in building knowledge efficiently and effectively. Cognitive load caused by learning material presented by teachers should be considered as a critical factor. While the intrinsic cognitive load is related to the degree of complexity of the material learning ones can handle, the extraneous cognitive load is directly caused by how the material is presented. Strategies to present a learning material in computational learning domains like mathematics are a namely worked example (fully-guided task) or problem-solving (discovery task with no guidance). According to the empirical evidence, learning based on problem-solving may cause high-extraneous cognitive load for students who have limited prior knowledge, conversely learn based on worked example may cause high-extraneous cognitive load for students who have mastered the knowledge base. An alternative is a faded example consisting of the partly-completed task. Learning from faded-example can facilitate students who already acquire some knowledge about the to-be-learned material but still need more practice to automate the knowledge further. This instructional strategy provides a smooth transition from a fully-guided into an independent problem solver. Designs of faded examples for learning trigonometry are discussed.