The NIST Simple Guide for Evaluating and Expressing Measurement Uncertainty

2016 Joint IMEKO TC1-TC7-TC13 Symposium: Metrology Across the Sciences: Wishful Thinking?

Possolo, Antonio^1

Statistical Engineering Division, Information Technology Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, U.S. Department of Commerce, Gaithersburg

MD, United States^1

关键词: Guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurements;    Interlaboratory studies;    Measurement model;    Measurement uncertainty;    Observation equation;    Uncertainty evaluation;    Uncertainty of calibration;    Web-based applications;   

Others  :  https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1742-6596/772/1/012024/pdf
DOI  :  10.1088/1742-6596/772/1/012024

来源: IOP

【 摘 要 】

NIST has recently published guidance on the evaluation and expression of the uncertainty of NIST measurement results [1, 2], supplementing but not replacing B. N. Taylor and C. E. Kuyatt's (1994) Guidelines for Evaluating and Expressing the Uncertainty of NIST Measurement Results (NIST Technical Note 1297) [3], which tracks closely the Guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement (GUM) [4], originally published in 1995 by the Joint Committee for Guides in Metrology of the International Bureau of Weights and Measures (BIPM). The scope of this Simple Guide, however, is much broader than the scope of both NIST Technical Note 1297 and the GUM, because it attempts to address several of the uncertainty evaluation challenges that have arisen at NIST since the 1990s, for example to include molecular biology, greenhouse gases and climate science measurements, and forensic science. The Simple Guide also expands the scope of those two other guidance documents by recognizing observation equations (that is, statistical models) as bona fide measurement models. These models are indispensable to reduce data from interlaboratory studies, to combine measurement results for the same measurand obtained by different methods, and to characterize the uncertainty of calibration and analysis functions used in the measurement of force, temperature, or composition of gas mixtures. This presentation reviews the salient aspects of the Simple Guide, illustrates the use of models and methods for uncertainty evaluation not contemplated in the GUM, and also demonstrates the NIST Uncertainty Machine [5] and the NIST Consensus Builder, which are web-based applications accessible worldwide that facilitate evaluations of measurement uncertainty and the characterization of consensus values in interlaboratory studies.