Enhanced Kalman Filtering for a 2D CFD NS Wind Farm Flow Model

The Science of Making Torque from Wind

Doekemeijer, B.M.^1 ; Van Wingerden, J.W.^1 ; Boersma, S.^1 ; Pao, L.Y.^2

Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Netherlands^1

Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, United States^2

关键词: Closed-loop control;    Computational costs;    Dynamic flow modeling;    High-fidelity simulations;    Levelized cost of energies;    Optimal controls;    Real-time closed loops;    State of the art;   

Others  :  https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1742-6596/753/5/052015/pdf
DOI  :  10.1088/1742-6596/753/5/052015

来源: IOP

【 摘 要 】

Wind turbines are often grouped together for financial reasons, but due to wake development this usually results in decreased turbine lifetimes and power capture, and thereby an increased levelized cost of energy (LCOE). Wind farm control aims to minimize this cost by operating turbines at their optimal control settings. Most state-of-the-art control algorithms are open-loop and rely on low fidelity, static flow models. Closed-loop control relying on a dynamic model and state observer has real potential to further decrease wind's LCOE, but is often too computationally expensive for practical use. In this paper two time-efficient Kalman filter (KF) variants are outlined incorporating the medium fidelity, dynamic flow model "WindFarmSimulator" (WFSim). This model relies on a discretized set of Navier-Stokes equations in two dimensions to predict the flow in wind farms at low computational cost. The filters implemented are an Ensemble KF and an Approximate KF. Simulations in which a high fidelity simulation model represents the true wind farm show that these filters are 101- 102times faster than a regular KF with comparable or better performance, correcting for wake dynamics that are not modeled in WFSim (noticeably, wake meandering and turbine hub effects). This is a first big step towards real-time closed-loop control for wind farms.