Thermodynamics and phase coexistence in nonequilibrium steady states

29th Workshop on Recent Developments in Computer Simulation Studies in Condensed Matter Physics

物理学;计算机科学

Dickman, Ronald^1

Departamento de Física, National Institute of Science and Technology for Complex Systems, ICEx, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, C. P. 702, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais

30123-970, Brazil^1

关键词: Coexisting phasis;    Isolated phasis;    Nonequilibrium steady state;    Nonuniform systems;    Phase co-existence;    Phase-separated systems;    Stochastic dynamics;    System far from equilibrium;   

Others  :  https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1742-6596/750/1/012004/pdf
DOI  :  10.1088/1742-6596/750/1/012004

学科分类：计算机科学（综合）

来源: IOP

【 摘 要 】

I review recent work focussing on whether thermodynamics can be extended to nonequilibrium steady states (NESS), in particular, the possibility of consistent definitions of temperature T and chemical potential μ for NESS. The testing-grounds are simple lattice models with stochastic dynamics. Each model includes a drive that maintains the system far from equilibrium, provoking particle and/or energy flows; for zero drive the system relaxes to equilibrium. Analysis and numerical simulation show that for spatially uniform NESS, consistent definitions of T and μ are possible via coexistence with an appropriate reservoir, if (and in general only if) a particular kind of rate (that proposed by Sasa and Tasaki) is used for exchanges of particles and energy between systems. The program fails, however, for nonuniform systems. The functions T and μ describing isolated phases cannot be used to predict the properties of coexisting phases in a single, phase-separated system.