The current status of orbital experiments for UHECR studies

24th European Cosmic Ray Symposium

Panasyuk, M.I.^1,2 ; Casolino, M.^3,4 ; Garipov, G.K.^1 ; Ebisuzaki, T.^3 ; Gorodetzky, P.^5 ; Khrenov, B.A.^1 ; Klimov, P.A.^1 ; Morozenko, V.S.^1 ; Sakaki, N.^6 ; Saprykin, O.A.^7 ; Sharakin, S.A.^1 ; Takizawa, Y.^3 ; Tkachev, L.G.^8 ; Yashin, I.V.^1 ; Zotov, M.Yu.^1

D.V. Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University (SINP MSU), Moscow

119991, Russia^1

Faculty of Physics, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow

119991, Russia^2

RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako

351-0198, Japan^3

Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, Italy^4

APC, Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Obs de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France^5

Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe

76021, Germany^6

Central Research Institute of Machine Building (TsNIIMash), Korolev

141070, Russia^7

Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR), Dubna

141980, Russia^8

关键词: Atmospheric phenomena;    Continuous monitoring;    Extreme energy cosmic rays;    High transmittance;    International collaborations;    Multi-anode photomultipliers;    Photo multiplier tube;    Wide field of view;   

Others  :  https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1742-6596/632/1/012097/pdf
DOI  :  10.1088/1742-6596/632/1/012097

来源: IOP

【 摘 要 】

Two types of orbital detectors of extreme energy cosmic rays are being developed nowadays: (i) TUS and KLYPVE with reflecting optical systems (mirrors) and (ii) JEM-EUSO with high- transmittance Fresnel lenses. They will cover much larger areas than existing ground-based arrays and almost uniformly monitor the celestial sphere. The TUS detector is the pioneering mission developed in SINP MSU in cooperation with several Russian and foreign institutions. It has relatively small field of view (±4.5°), which corresponds to a ground area of 6.4 · 103km2. The telescope consists of a Fresnel-type mirror-concentrator (∼ 2 m2) and a photo receiver (a matrix of 16 x 16 photomultiplier tubes). It is to be deployed on the Lomonosov satellite, and is currently at the final stage of preflight tests. Recently, SINP MSU began the KLYPVE project to be installed on board of the Russian segment of the ISS. The optical system of this detector contains a larger primary mirror (10 m2), which allows decreasing the energy threshold. The total effective field of view will be at least ±14° to exceed the annual exposure of the existing ground-based experiments. Several configurations of the detector are being currently considered. Finally, JEM-EUSO is a wide field of view (±30°) detector. The optics is composed of two curved double-sided Fresnel lenses with 2.65 m external diameter, a precision diffractive middle lens and a pupil. The ultraviolet photons are focused onto the focal surface, which consists of nearly 5000 multi-anode photomultipliers. It is developed by a large international collaboration. All three orbital detectors have multi-purpose character due to continuous monitoring of various atmospheric phenomena. The present status of development of the TUS and KLYPVE missions is reported, and a brief comparison of the projects with JEM-EUSO is given.