Universal Quantum Measurements

International Conference on 'Quantum Control, Exact or Perturbative, Linear or Nonlinear' to celebrate 50 years of the scientific career of Professor Bogdan Mielnik

Brody, Dorje C.^1,2 ; Hughston, Lane P.^1,2

Department of Mathematics, Brunei University London, Uxbridge

UB8 3PH, United Kingdom^1

Department of Optical Physics and Modern Natural Science, St Petersburg National Research University of Information Technologies, Mechanics and Optics, 49 Kronverksky Avenue, St Petersburg

197101, Russia^2

关键词: Additional structures;    Finite-dimensional quantum systems;    Initial state;    Mixed state;    Original state;    Quantum measurement;    Rational curves;    Tomographic;   

Others  :  https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1742-6596/624/1/012002/pdf
DOI  :  10.1088/1742-6596/624/1/012002

来源: IOP

【 摘 要 】

We introduce a family of operations in quantum mechanics that one can regard as "universal quantum measurements" (UQMs). These measurements are applicable to all finite dimensional quantum systems and entail the specification of only a minimal amount of structure. The first class of UQM that we consider involves the specification of the initial state of the system - no further structure is brought into play. We call operations of this type "tomographic measurements", since given the statistics of the outcomes one can deduce the original state of the system. Next, we construct a disentangling operation, the outcome of which, when the procedure is applied to a general mixed state of an entangled composite system, is a disentangled product of pure constituent states. This operation exists whenever the dimension of the Hilbert space is not a prime, and can be used to model the decay of a composite system. As another example, we show how one can make a measurement of the direction along which the spin of a particle of spin s is oriented (s = 1/2, 1,...). The required additional structure in this case involves the embedding of CP1as a rational curve of degree 2s in CP2s.