Measuring Nanomaterial Release from Carbon Nanotube Composites: Review of the State of the Science

4th International Conference on Safe Production and Use of Nanomaterials

Harper, Stacey^1 ; Wohlleben, Wendel^2 ; Doa, Maria^3 ; Nowack, Bernd^4 ; Clancy, Shaun^5 ; Canady, Richard^6 ; Maynard, Andrew^7

Environmental and Molecular Toxicology / Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis

OR

97331, United States^1

BASF SE, Material Physics, Ludwigshafen

67056, Germany^2

US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington

DC

20460, United States^3

EMPA-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Material Science and Technology, Technology and Society Laboratory, St. Gallen

CH-9014, Switzerland^4

Evonik Corporation, Parsippany

NJ

07054, United States^5

Center for Risk Science Innovation and Application, ILSI Research Foundation, Washington

DC

20005, United States^6

University of Michigan Risk Science Center, Ann Arbor

MI

48109, United States^7

关键词: Carbon-nanotube composites;    Dose assessments;    Expert analysis;    Life cycle stages;    Measurement methods;    Nanomaterial release;    Realistic exposure scenario;    Risk evaluation;   

Others  :  https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1742-6596/617/1/012026/pdf
DOI  :  10.1088/1742-6596/617/1/012026

来源: IOP

【 摘 要 】

Hazard studies of "as-produced" nanomaterials are increasingly available, yet a critical gap exists in exposure science that may impede safe development of nanomaterials. The gap is that we do not understand what is actually released because nanomaterials can change when released in ways that are not understood. We also generally do not have methods capable of quantitatively measuring what is released to support dose assessment. This review presents a case study of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) for the measurement challenge to bridge this gap. As the use and value of MWCNTs increases, methods to measure what is released in ways relevant to risk evaluation are critically needed if products containing these materials are to be economically, environmentally, and socially sustainable. This review draws on the input of over 50 experts engaged in a program of workshops and technical report writing to address the release of MWCNTs from nanocomposite materials across their life cycle. The expert analyses reveals that new and sophisticated methods are required to measure and assess MWCNT exposures for realistic exposure scenarios. Furthermore, method requirements vary with the materials and conditions of release across life cycle stages of products. While review shows that the likelihood of significant release of MWCNTs appears to be low for many stages of composite life cycle, measurement methods are needed so that exposures from MWCNT-composites are understood and managed. In addition, there is an immediate need to refocus attention from study of "as-produced" nanomaterials to coordinated research on actual release scenarios.