Preparation of cellulose nanocrystals from empty fruit bunch of palm oil by using phosphotungstic acid

2nd international Tropical Renewable Energy Conference 2017

Budhi, Y.W.^1 ; Fakhrudin, M.^1 ; Culsum, N.T.U.^1 ; Suendo, V.^2 ; Iskandar, F.^3

Chemical Engineering Study Program, Faculty of Industrial Technology, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung

40132, Indonesia^1

Chemistry Study Program, Faculty of Mathematic and Science, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung

40132, Indonesia^2

Physics Study Program, Faculty of Mathematic and Science, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung

40132, Indonesia^3

关键词: Cellulose nano-crystals;    Cellulose nanocrystal (CNCs);    Crystallinity index;    Equivalent diameter;    Hydrolysis reaction;    Hydrolyze cellulose;    Phosphotungstic acid;    Response surface method;   

Others  :  https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1755-1315/105/1/012063/pdf
DOI  :  10.1088/1755-1315/105/1/012063

来源: IOP

【 摘 要 】

Empty fruit bunch (EFB) of palm oil, an abundant agro-waste in Indonesia, was used as raw material of Cellulose Nanocrystals (CNCs) preparation. Instead of conventional acid mineral, phosphotungstic acid (H3PW12O40, HPW) was used to hydrolyze cellulose due to recycling ability and easy handling. Before hydrolysis process, dried EFB was treated by 3% NaOH solution at 90°C for 2 hours and then bleached using 2% NaClO2solution at 80°C for 3 hours to remove hemicellulose and lignin. Hydrolysis reaction parameters such as temperature, acid concentration, and reaction time were optimized with fixed solid-liquid ratio of 1:40. Response surface method was used for experimental design to determine the optimum condition of each parameter by using software Minitab. In this study, pulp from dried EFB produced 44.8% yield of CNCs. Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) analysis showed that most of CNCs equivalent diameter was 140 nm. Crystallinity index was observed at 73.3% using X-ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis. Thus, a green established process for the preparation of CNCs was achieved.