Fiscal instruments for regulating the sustainable development of urban transport systems in Russia

International Conference on Sustainable Cities

地球科学;经济学

Mayburov, I.^1,2 ; Leontyeva, Y.^1

Department of Financial and Tax Management, Ural Federal University Named after the First President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin, 19 Myra str., Ekaterinburg

620002, Russia^1

Finance and Credit Department, Far Eastern Federal University, 8 Suhanova str., Vladivostok

690091, Russia^2

关键词: Private transport;    Public transit systems;    Public transport;    Public transport fares;    Public transport operators;    Public transport service;    Urban environments;    Urban transport systems;   

Others  :  https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1755-1315/72/1/012016/pdf
DOI  :  10.1088/1755-1315/72/1/012016

来源: IOP

【 摘 要 】

The article explains the role of public transport pricing. It proves the need for a systemic approach to building a modern public transit system. The authors argue that the main objective of the approach should be to reduce the use of private vehicles in the urban environment and increasing public transport use. It is proven that for the consumer of transport services the price per trip is an important factor when deciding whether to travel by car or by public transport. The authors analyze the available literature assessing the effects of widespread car ownership on users of the city transit system. Conflict situations that occur due to the unabated desire of city residents to travel by car are analyzed. A research method is proposed. It is shown that public transport fares have been growing in Russia at an accelerated pace when compared to the overall increase in prices of all goods and services, including motor vehicles, petrol and oils. The fare growth has resulted in a 3.6 fold drop in demand for public transport services over the 15 years being analyzed. Over the same period, the number of privately owned cars grew 120 percent. A conclusion is drawn that regular fare hikes have encouraged urban population to gradually opt against travelling by public transport. That resulted in higher demand for car travel and, eventually, in an accelerated growth in car usage. One can conclude that a persistent institutional trap has taken shape in Russian metropolises. Essentially, it means that higher public transport fares have led to lower demand for public transit services. As ridership goes down, public transport operators have to again increase prices, thus driving the demand for their services down. It is proven that escaping the trap will require restoring the ratio of prices to make sure that the price charged for a public transport trip is far lower than the cost of travelling by car. The aim of this study is to assess the influence of the factor of public transport fares on demand for private car usage and public transport ridership.