Corn stalk as matrix in decomposting toilet for treating urine and feces

1st International Symposium on Green Technology for Value Chains 2016

工业技术;生态环境科学

Sintawardani, N.^1 ; Nilawati, D.^1 ; Astuti, J.T.^1

Research Unit for Green Technology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences Kompleks LIPI, Jalan Cisitu/Sangkuriang, Bandung

40135, Indonesia^1

关键词: Aerobic condition;    Chopped corn stalks;    ITS applications;    Ligno-cellulosics;    Mixing system;    Reactor volume;    Start-up process;    Water availability;   

Others  :  https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1755-1315/60/1/012016/pdf
DOI  :  10.1088/1755-1315/60/1/012016

来源: IOP

【 摘 要 】

Bio-Toilet technology (BT) which is appropriate for the habits of Indonesian people has been studied and developed. BT is a dry toilet technology commonly uses ligno-cellulosic waste materials as matrix to facilitate the growth of natural microbes. In aerobic condition, microbes degrade feces and urine. Mineral as the leftover of feces and urine, such as nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) remain in the rest of matrix waste. After certain period. matrix can be harvested and used as soil conditioner. BT uses much less water, mobile, and very useful to be applied in areas where water availability is limited. BT type with different capacities, user amounts and mixing systems has been developed using sawdust for matrix. Since corn stalk is categorized as useless and priceless waste, its application in BT is challenging. Performance of BT with corn stalk as matrix to degrade feces and urine of carnivore imitating the human waste was observed. BT M-15 manual mixing type with paddle was filled with chopped corn stalk as much as 45% of total volume. This BT was designed for 15 person as users per day if 80% reactor volume was filled with ligno-cellulosic matrix. It is assumed that 150 g of feces are discharged once per person/day and 1000 mL of urine 6-8 times per day. Start up process was made in the beginning to initialize the needed microbes in the reactor (matrix). The discharge of feces and urine were increased slowly and gradually the users were increased from 1 to 4 users per day. Performance of BT was indicated by the change in the pile that showed by moisture content, temperature and pH. C/N ratio in matrix decreased significantly from 43 to 17. This result showed that the corn stalk could be used as matrix in BT.