Time variations in the concentration of pollutants in the atmosphere over Moscow and estimation of their emissions

Turbulence, Atmosphere and Climate Dynamics

生态环境科学

Elansky, N.F.^1 ; Kouznetsov, R.D.^1^4 ; Verevkin, Y.M.^1 ; Ponomarev, N.A.^1 ; Rakitin, V.S.^1 ; Shilkin, A.V.^1^2 ; Semutnikova, E.G.^3 ; Zakharova, P.V.^3

A.M. Obukhov Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pyzhevskii per. 3, Moscow

119017, Russia^1

Taifun Research and Production Association, ul. Pobedy 4, Obninsk

249038, Russia^2

Moscow Department for Nature Management and Environmental Protection, Novyi Arbat 11, Moscow

119019, Russia^3

Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki

503FI-00101, Finland^4

关键词: Calculated values;    Multi-year measurements;    PM10 concentration;    Pollutant concentration;    Pollutant emission;    Seasonal and interannual variations;    Surface concentration;    Urban infrastructure;   

Others  :  https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1755-1315/231/1/012014/pdf
DOI  :  10.1088/1755-1315/231/1/012014

学科分类：环境科学（综合）

来源: IOP

【 摘 要 】

Data on the surface NO, NO2, CO, SO2, CH4, and PM10 concentrations measured at 46 stations from 2005 to 2014 in Moscow have been used in studying the characteristic features of their distribution over the city area and their time variations. Both seasonal and interannual variations in pollutant concentrations, as well as their 10-year trends, are closely related with variations in the urban infrastructure and weather conditions. The weekly cycle of the pollutants has been analyzed. Its largest amplitude is 18.9 ± 5.6% for NO. For CO, NO2, and PM10, the amplitudes amount to 9.3 ± 3.2%, 13.6 ± 2.8%, and 10.9 ± 5.5%, respectively. The weekly variations in CH4 and SO2 concentrations are not significant for such large-scale territorial averaging. The emission fluxes of CO, NOx, SO2, and CH4 and their integral emissions from the Moscow megacity have been estimated from multiyear measurements of their surface concentrations and both vertical air-temperature and wind stratifications. During 2005 - 2014, the annual integral emissions of CO, NOx, and CH4 decreased with a rate of -1.9 ± 0.3, -1.7 ± 0.4, and -7.8 ± 3.1 %•yr-1, respectively, and that of SO2 increased with a rate of 3.3 ± 2.3 %•yr-1. The means of integral annual pollutant emissions from Moscow differ slightly from those for other world megacities. The CO emissions coincide with their EDGAR v4.2 inventory values interpolated to the territory of Moscow. However, the EDGAR v4.2 values of NOx, SO2 and CH4 significantly exceed their calculated values.