HOMOGENEOUS TEMPORAL ACTIVITY PATTERNS IN A LARGE ONLINE COMMUNICATION SPACE

Emerging needs of society from forest ecosystems: towards the opportunities and dilemmas in forest managerial economics and accounting

Andreas Kaltenbrunner ; Vicenç Gómez ; Ayman Moghnieh ; Rodrigo Meza ; Josep Blat ; Vicente López

Others  :  http://CEUR-WS.org/Vol-245/paper1.pdf
PID  :  788

来源: CEUR

【 摘 要 】

Although the strongest ocean surface currents occur at horizontal scales of order 100鈥塳m, recent numerical simulations suggest that flows smaller than these mesoscale eddies can achieve important vertical transports in the upper ocean. These submesoscale flows, 1鈥?00鈥塳m in horizontal extent, take heat and atmospheric gases down into the interior ocean, accelerating air鈥搒ea fluxes, and bring deep nutrients up into the sunlit surface layer, fueling primary production. Here we present observational evidence that submesoscale flows undergo a seasonal cycle in the surface mixed layer: they are much stronger in winter than in summer. Submesoscale flows are energized by baroclinic instabilities that develop around geostrophic eddies in the deep winter mixed layer at a horizontal scale of order 1鈥?0鈥塳m. Flows larger than this instability scale are energized by turbulent scale interactions. Enhanced submesoscale activity in the winter mixed layer is expected to achieve efficient exchanges with the permanent thermocline below.