Considerable research has attempted to elucidate the relationbetween implicit and explicit forms of memory. This talkfocuses on the specificity of implicit and explicit memory: theextent to which, and sense in which, memory performancereflects retention of specific features of a stimulus that wasperceived during a study episode, the formation of a specificassociation between two previously presented stimuli, or aspecific response that was made to a previously encounteredstimulus.Cognitive, neuropsychological, and neuroimagingdata will be considered that illuminate the nature andtheoretical implications of the different kinds of memoryspecificity.